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作者：Estrada, Ricardo
摘要：This paper compares the performance of teachers hired on the basis of a standardized exam to those hired at the union's discretion in Mexico. My results show that the discretionary hires perform considerably worse than the rule-based hires (as measured by value added to student achievement). The evidence presented here shows the impact of personnel selection mechanisms on the quality of public service delivery.
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作者：Pollak, Robert A.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates marriage market equilibrium when bargaining in marriage (BIM) determines allocation within marriage. In contrast, the standard marriage market model assumes that prospective spouses make binding agreements in the marriage market (BAMM) that determine allocation within marriage. When BIM determines allocation within marriage, the appropriate framework for analyzing marriage market equilibrium is the Gale-Shapley matching model, not the Koopmans-Beckmann-Shapley-Shubik as...
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作者：de Matos, Ana Damas; Parent, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：We show that, on the basis of the initial-screening point system used in Canada, immigrants who subsequently move to the United States are more highly educated than their counterparts from the same source countries in the United States and have much better outcomes. High-skill immigrants who transit through Canada before moving to the United States do so fairly early after arrival, and they represent a substantial share of the population of young, highly educated immigrants in Canada. Thus, Ca...
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作者：Figlio, David; Ozek, Umut
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; American Institutes for Research
摘要：A point of contention in the refugee crisis involves possible adverse effects on host communities associated with poor, low-skilled migrants with low host-community language knowledge. We use unique matched birth and schooling records to examine the effects of a large influx of poor, non-English-speaking Haitian migrants into Florida public schools immediately following the devastating 2010 earthquake. We find zero or modestly positive estimated effects of these migrants on the educational out...
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作者：Li, Minghao; Goetz, Stephan J.
作者单位：New Mexico State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Children whose parents were self-employed before China's socialist transformation were more likely to become self-employed after the economic reform, even though they had no direct exposure to their parents' businesses. The effect is statistically significant only for sons. The lack of direct exposure to family businesses impedes the transfer of business human capital and motivates us to explore personality traits as the underlying mechanisms. We find that children with self-employed parents a...
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作者：Milligan, Kevin; Schirle, Tammy
作者单位：University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research; Wilfrid Laurier University
摘要：Disability insurance take-up has expanded substantially in the past 20 years in the United States while shrinking in Canada. We empirically assess these trends by measuring the strength of the push from weak labor markets versus the pull of more generous benefits. Using an instrumental variables strategy comparing benefit changes across country, age, and year, we find that both benefits and regional wages matter. Simulations suggest that the upswing in disability insurance take-up in the Unite...
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作者：Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd; Sullivan, Paul
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); American University
摘要：This paper studies wage determination using the first longitudinal data set containing job-level task information for individual workers. Novel quantitative task measures detail the amount of time spent performing people, information, and objects tasks at different skill levels. These measures suggest natural proxies for on-the-job human capital accumulation and provide new insights about wage determination. Current job tasks are quantitatively important, with high-skilled tasks being paid sub...
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作者：Card, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Drange, Nina; Havnes, Tarjei
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo
摘要：Young children are thought to be vulnerable to separation from their primary caregiver. This raises concern about whether early childcare enrollment may harm child development. We use childcare assignment lotteries to estimate the effect of enrollment at age 1-2 on cognitive development in Norway. Estimates show significant gains in language and mathematics at age 6-7 and a substantial drop in scores below publicly set thresholds for low performance. Across subsamples, we find a pattern of str...
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作者：Murphy, Francis X.
摘要：While much research has investigated peer effects in education, less is known about peer influence at work, particularly how bad peers affect other workers. I study soldiers during a time when the US Army granted large numbers of morality waivers to recruits with felony or misdemeanor convictions that normally preclude enlistment. I find that soldiers randomly assigned to larger shares of peers with criminal backgrounds are more likely to commit major misconduct. Additionally, that misconduct ...
