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作者：Del Boca, Daniela; Monfardini, Chiara; Nicoletti, Cheti
作者单位：University of Turin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Bologna; University of York - UK; University of Essex
摘要：While a large literature has focused on the impact of parental investments on child cognitive development, very little is known about the role of the child's own investments alongside that of the parents. By using the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we model the cognitive production function for adolescents using an augmented value-added model and adopt an estimation method that takes account of unobserved child characteristics. We find that a child's own in...
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作者：Brinch, Christian N.; Hernaes, Erik; Jia, Zhiyang
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; Statistics Norway
摘要：We study the effect of salience in the social security benefit system on labor earnings by exploiting kinks and notches in budget lines introduced by earnings testing and social security accrual mechanisms for 67- to 69-year-old workers in Norway. An earnings test had large effects on labor earnings, while an accrual system discontinuity had no discernible effects. We interpret the difference as likely to be caused by a lack of salience in the accrual incentives: agents are not able or willing...
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作者：Chemin, Matthieu; Wasmer, Etienne
作者单位：McGill University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal
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作者：Jepsen, Christopher; Mueser, Peter; Troske, Kenneth
作者单位：University College Dublin; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Kentucky
摘要：We evaluate the educational returns to General Educational Development (GED) certification using state administrative data. We use fuzzy regression discontinuity (FRD) methods to account for the fact that GED test-takers can repeatedly retake the test until they pass it and the fact that test-takers have to pass all five subtests before receiving the GED. We find that the GED increases the likelihood of postsecondary attendance and course completion substantially but that the GED impact on ove...
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作者：Herbst, Chris M.
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes the US Lanham Act of 1940, a heavily subsidized and universal child care program administered during World War II. I first estimate its impact on maternal employment using a triple-differences model. I find that employment increased substantially following the introduction of the program. I then study children's long-run labor market outcomes. Using Census data from 1970 to 1990, I assess well-being in a life-cycle framework by tracking cohorts of treated individuals throug...
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作者：Goodman, Joshua; Hurwitz, Michael; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Does access to 4-year colleges affect degree completion for students who would otherwise attend 2-year colleges? Admission to Georgia's 4-year public sector requires minimum SAT scores. Regression discontinuity estimates show that access to this sector increases 4-year college enrollment and college quality, largely by diverting students from 2-year colleges. Access substantially increases bachelor's degree completion rates for these relatively low-skilled students. SAT-retaking behavior sugge...
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作者：Feld, Jan; Zoelitz, Ulf
作者单位：Victoria University Wellington; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University
摘要：This paper estimates peer effects in a university context where students are randomly assigned to sections. While students benefit from better peers on average, low-achieving students are harmed by high-achieving peers. Analyzing students' course evaluations suggests that peer effects are driven by improved group interaction rather than adjustments in teachers' behavior or students' effort. Building on Angrist's research, we further show that classical measurement error in a setting where grou...
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作者：Jacobson, Louis; Davis, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：The key finding of this paper is that women Workforce Investment Act (WIA) trainees select higher-return fields than men but men usually have higher returns than women in the same field. Among men, the higher the level of education, the greater the proportion who select high-return fields; the reverse is true for women. Finally, most men select fields that are predominantly male, and vice versa for women, even though gains among men and women making unconventional choices are often large. Thus...
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作者：Bassanini, Andrea; Brunello, Giorgio; Caroli, Eve
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Padua; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We investigate the impact of local social pressure on firms' firing decisions. Using linked employer-employee data, we show that secondary establishments located further away from headquarters have higher dismissal rates than those located closer. The effect of distance on dismissals is stronger, the greater the visibility of the firm in the local community of its headquarters and the larger the degree of selfishness of that community. We show that these findings can be explained by the social...
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作者：Sliwka, Dirk; Werner, Peter
作者单位：University of Cologne; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Maastricht University
摘要：We investigate how workers' performance is affected by the timing of wages in a real-effort experiment. In all treatments, agents earn the same wage sum, but wage increases are distributed differently over time. We find that agents work harder under increasing wage profiles if they do not know these profiles in advance. A profile that continuously increases wages by small amounts raises performance by about 15% relative to a constant wage. The effort reactions can be organized by a model in wh...
