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作者：Taylor, Eric S.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：I study how teachers' assigned job tasksthe practices they are asked to use in the classroomaffect the returns to math skills in teacher productivity. The results demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between workers' skills and job tasks. I examine a randomized trial of different approaches to teaching math, each codified in a set of day-to-day tasks. Teachers were tested to measure their math skills. Teacher productivitymeasured by student test scoresis increasing in math skills when ...
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作者：Jacob, Brian; McCall, Brian; Stange, Kevin
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates whether demand-side market pressure explains colleges' decisions to provide consumption amenities to their students. Using a discrete choice model of college demand, we find that most students appear to value consumption amenities, such as operating spending on student activities, sports, and dormitories, while the taste for academic quality is confined to high-achieving students. Heterogeneity in student preferences creates variation in demand pressure across instituti...
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作者：Ballatore, Rosario Maria; Fort, Margherita; Ichino, Andrea
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of Bologna; European University Institute
摘要：We exploit rules of class formation to identify the causal effect of increasing the number of immigrants in a classroom on natives' test scores, keeping class size and quality of the two types of students constant (pure ethnic composition [PEC] effect). We explain why this is a relevant policy parameter although it has been neglected so far. The PEC effect is sizable and negative (16% of a standard deviation) on language and math scores. For first-generation immigrants, it is more negative (30...
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作者：Bastian, Jacob; Michelmore, Katherine
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Syracuse University
摘要：Using 4 decades of variation in the federal and state Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), we estimate the impact of exposure to EITC expansions in childhood on education and employment outcomes in adulthood. Reduced-form results suggest that an additional $1,000 in EITC exposure when a child is 13-18 years old increases the likelihood of completing high school (1.3%), completing college (4.2%), and being employed as a young adult (1.0%) and earnings by 2.2%. Our analysis reveals that the primary ...
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作者：Hoekstra, Mark; Mouganie, Pierre; Wang, Yaojing
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; American University of Beirut; University of International Business & Economics; Bank of America Corporation
摘要：Despite strong demand for attending high schools with better peers, there is mixed evidence on whether doing so improves academic outcomes. We estimate the cognitive returns to high school quality by comparing the college entrance exam scores of students in China who were barely above and below high school admission thresholds. Results indicate that while peer quality improves significantly across all sets of admission cutoffs, the only increase in performance occurs from attending tier 1 high...
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作者：Snell, Andy; Martins, Pedro; Stueber, Heiko; Thomas, Jonathan P.
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Edinburgh
摘要：It is well known that unless worker-firm match quality is controlled for, reduced-form estimates of returns to firm tenure will be biased. In this paper, we show that there is a further pervasive source of bias, namely, the comovement of firm employment and firm wages. We argue that firm-year fixed effects must be used to eliminate this bias. Estimates from two large-panel data sets from Germany and Portugal show that the bias is empirically important. Finally, we show that the results extend ...
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作者：Abowd, John M.; McKinney, Kevin L.; Zhao, Nellie L.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：Decomposing the year-to-year changes in the earnings distribution from 2004 to 2013, we analyze the role of the employer in explaining earnings inequality in the United States. Movements between the bottom, middle, and top involve 20.5 million workers each year. Another 19.9 million move between employment and nonemployment. There are large gains from working at a top-paying firm for all skill types. Working for a high-paying firm produces benefits today, through higher earnings, that persist ...
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作者：Fu, Chao; Mehta, Nirav
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：We develop and estimate an equilibrium model of ability tracking in which schools decide how to allocate students into ability tracks and choose track-specific teacher effort; parents choose effort in response. The model is estimated using Early Childhood Longitudinal Study data. Our model suggests that a counterfactual ban on tracking would benefit low-ability students but hurt high-ability students. Ignoring effort adjustments would significantly overstate the impacts. We then illustrate the...
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作者：Kampkoetter, Patrick; Sliwka, Dirk
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Cologne
摘要：We investigate the claim that supervisors do not differentiate enough between high- and low-performing employees when evaluating performance. In a first step, this claim is illustrated in a formal model showing that rating compression reduces performance and subsequent bonus payments. The effect depends on the precision of performance information and may be reversed when cooperation is important. We then investigate panel data spanning different banks and find that stronger differentiation ind...
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作者：de Bettignies, Jean-Etienne; Robinson, David T.
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study a model in which corporate social responsibility arises in response to inefficient regulation. In our model, firms, governments, and workers interact. Firms create negative spillovers that can be attenuated through government regulation, which is set endogenously and may not be socially optimal. Companies can hire socially responsible employees who enjoy correcting spillovers. Because firms can capture rents created by allowing this, they sometimes find it optimal to lobby for ineffic...
