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作者：Jones, Stephen R. G.; Riddell, W. Craig
作者单位：McMaster University; University of British Columbia
摘要：We analyze changes in unemployment, marginal labor force attachment, and participation in Canada and the United States using consistent measurement concepts. We show the importance for the comparative evolution of aggregate unemployment of changes in the fraction of those wanting work-the unemployed and marginally attached. We also study changes in the fraction of the nonemployed who are unemployed. Using micro data on labor market transition behavior at these margins, we find remarkably consi...
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作者：Smeets, Valerie; Waldman, Michael; Warzynski, Frederic
作者单位：Aarhus University; Cornell University
摘要：In this paper we focus on a classic idea concerning span of control, which is that a prime driver is the scale of operations effect. We extend the theory concerning the scale of operations effect by allowing firms' beliefs concerning a manager's ability to evolve over the manager's career. We empirically investigate the resulting testable predictions using a unique single-firm data set that contains detailed information concerning the reporting relationships at the firm. Our empirical analysis...
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作者：Farber, Henry S.; Herbst, Chris M.; Silverman, Dan; von Wachter, Till
作者单位：Princeton University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We use a resume audit study to investigate the role of employment and unemployment histories in callbacks to job applications. We find that applicants with 52 weeks of unemployment have a lower callback rate than those with shorter spells. There is no relationship, however, between spell length and callback among applicants with spells of 24 weeks or less. We also find that both younger and older applicants have a lower callback probability than prime-aged applicants. Finally, we find that app...
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作者：Karbownik, Krzysztof; Wray, Anthony
作者单位：Emory University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We explore whether fetal and postnatal exposure to tropical cyclones affects education and income in adulthood by using World War I draft records linked to census data. Difference-in-differences estimates indicate that white males born in hurricane-prone US states who experienced a hurricane in utero or as infants had 5% lower income. Labor force participation was unaffected, while education and migration account for a small portion of the effects on income. Empirical tests suggest the persist...
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作者：Phelan, Brian J.
作者单位：DePaul University
摘要：This paper analyzes a new explanation of the ripple effect of minimum wages based on how minimum wages affect hedonic compensation. Minimum wage hikes lower compensating differentials at low-skill undesirable jobs because they raise wages at the most desirable low-skill job, the minimum wage job. This change in hedonic compensation may cause some individuals to optimally leave low-wage undesirable jobs and seek more desirable employment. If labor supply falls at low-wage undesirable jobs, empl...
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作者：Barr, Tavis; Bojilov, Raicho; Munasinghe, Lalith
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Referrals can improve screening and self-selection of applicants during the hiring process. We model and estimate how referral information affects the selection of employees through job offers, acceptances, and turnover. Using data from a call center company, we show that referrals help employers attract applicants of superior performance. Yet performance differences between referred and nonreferred workers diminish with tenure through selective turnover. Our estimates reveal that referrals al...
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作者：Patnaik, Ankita
摘要：Daddy quotas that reserve some parental leave for fathers are increasingly common in developed nations, but it is unclear whether fathers respond to the binding constraints or the labeling effects they produce. Furthermore, little is known about their long-term effects on household behavior. I examine the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan, which improved compensation and reserved 5 weeks of leave for fathers. I find that fathers' participation increased by 250%, driven by higher benefits and the ...
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作者：Liu, Kai
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper shows that job mobility is a valuable channel that employed workers use to mitigate bad labor market shocks. I estimate a model of wage dynamics jointly with a dynamic model of employment and job mobility. The key feature of the model is the specification of wage shocks at the worker-firm-match level, for workers can respond to these shocks by changing jobs. I find that, relative to the variance of individual-level shocks, the variance of match-level shocks is large and the conseque...
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作者：Loyalka, Prashant; Sylvia, Sean; Liu, Chengfang; Chu, James; Shi, Yaojiang
作者单位：Stanford University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Peking University; Shaanxi Normal University
摘要：We present results of a randomized trial testing alternative approaches of mapping student achievement into rewards for teachers. Teachers in 216 schools in western China were assigned to performance pay schemes where teacher performance was assessed by one of three different methods. We find that teachers offered pay-for-percentile incentives outperform teachers offered simpler schemes based on class-average achievement or average gains over a school year. Moreover, pay-for-percentile incenti...
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作者：Barlevy, Gadi; Neal, Derek
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In many professional service firms, new associates work long hours while competing in up-or-out promotion contests. Our model explains why. We argue that the productivity of skilled partners in professional service firms (e.g., law, consulting, investment banking, and public accounting) is quite large relative to the productivity of their peers who are competent and experienced but not well suited to the partner role. Therefore, these firms adopt personnel policies that facilitate the identifi...
