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作者：Ke, Rongzhu; Li, Jin; Powell, Michael
作者单位：Lingnan University; Peking University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Northwestern University
摘要：Firms' organizational structures impose constraints on their ability to use promotion-based incentives. We develop a framework for identifying these constraints and exploring their consequences. We show that firms manage workers' careers by choosing personnel policies that resemble an internal labor market. Firms may adopt forced turnover policies to keep lines of advancement open, and they may alter their organizational structures to relax these constraints. This gives rise to a trade-off bet...
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作者：Card, David; Cardoso, Ana Rute; Heining, Joerg; Kline, Patrick
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We synthesize two related literatures on firm-level drivers of wage inequality. Studies of rent sharing that use matched worker-firm data find elasticities of wages with respect to value added per worker in the range of 0.05-0.15. Studies of wage determination with worker and firm fixed effects typically find that firm-specific premiums explain 20% of overall wage variation. To interpret these findings, we develop a model of wage setting in which workers have idiosyncratic tastes for different...
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作者：DeVaro, Jed; Guertler, Oliver
作者单位：California State University System; California State University East Bay; University of Cologne
摘要：Surveying employment-related newspaper advertisements over several centuries, we identify four eras (neither workers nor firms posted ads, mostly workers posted ads, mostly firms posted ads, and both parties regularly posted ads). These eras can be understood in the context of the equilibrium of a matching model that incorporates strategic interactions by both sides of the labor market. Potential explanations for transitions across eras include increasing literacy rates, expansion of social in...
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作者：Gong, Jie; Lu, Yi; Song, Hong
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Tsinghua University; Fudan University
摘要：This paper examines the role of teacher gender in education production. We extend student outcomes from traditionally focused academic achievement to noncognitive outcomes. Using a representative survey of middle school students in China, we focus on schools where student-teacher assignments are random. Our results show that having a female teacher raises girls' test scores and improves their mental status and social acclimation relative to those of boys. There is evidence that female teachers...
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作者：Canaan, Serena; Mouganie, Pierre
作者单位：American University of Beirut
摘要：This paper studies the labor market returns to higher-education quality for low-skilled students. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare students who marginally pass and marginally fail the French high school exit exam on the first attempt. Threshold crossing leads to an improvement in quality but has no effect on quantity of higher education pursued. Specifically, students who marginally pass are more likely to enroll in STEM majors and postsecondary institutions with better peer...
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作者：Bell, Brian; Machin, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：How does firm value change in response to a minimum wage hike? This paper exploits the announcement of a big change in the UK minimum wage that was both totally unanticipated and free of uncertainty. The stock market response to this is examined in an event study setting. The analysis uncovers significant falls in the stock market value of low-wage firms. In light of this finding, the paper concludes by discussing magnitudes of response, including longer-term modes of firm adjustment to the co...
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作者：Bartolucci, Cristian; Villosio, Claudia; Wagner, Mathis
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：We use 20 years of Italian administrative panel data to identify the role of ability in migration from south to north. Using a novel iterative estimation method for a switching regression model with the same worker-specific source of unobserved heterogeneity in selection and outcome equations, we find that returns to ability are lower in the north than the south. Accordingly, migrants are drawn from the lower half of the ability distribution. Higher wages and employment rates each account for ...
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作者：Juhn, Chinhui; McCue, Kristin; Monti, Holly; Pierce, Brooks
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of Labor
摘要：Using linked employer-employee data for the United States, we examine whether shocks to firm revenues are transmitted to the earnings of continuing employees. While full insurance is rejected, the elasticity of worker earnings with respect to persistent shocks in firm revenues is small and consistent with the notion that firms insulate workers from idiosyncratic shocks. Exploring the heterogeneity of effects, we find the largest elasticity in professional services among employees in the top 5%...
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作者：Gee, Laura K.; Jones, Jason; Burke, Moira
作者单位：Tufts University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Facebook Inc
摘要：Social networks are important for finding jobs, but which ties are most useful? Granovetter has suggested that weak ties are more valuable than strong ties, since strong ties have redundant information, while weak ties have new information. Using 6 million Facebook users' data, we find evidence for the opposite. We proxy for job help by identifying people who eventually work with a pre-existing friend. Using objective tie strength measures and our job help proxy, we find that most people are h...
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作者：Georges-Kot, Simon; Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：Leisure externalities across households have important implications for labor market regulations but have proven very difficult to identify. This paper exploits the unique features of school holidays and paid leave regulations in France to show that exogenous increases in the amount of leisure time enjoyed by workers living with children induce very significant increases in the demand for leisure of workers living in other households. We also provide evidence that these cross effects are drive...
