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作者：Bolduc, D; Fortin, B; Fournier, MA
作者单位：Laval University; Universite de Montreal
摘要：In this article we estimate a spatial autoregressive multinomial probit model of the choice of location by general practitioners for establishing their initial practice. This model allows us to account for potential interdependencies among location choices. The model is used to assess the effect of various incentive measures introduced in Quebec (Canada) to influence the geographical distribution of physicians across 18 regions. Our data set covers subperiods before and after the introduction ...
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作者：Holmes, TJ; Schmitz, JA
摘要：This article explores a Census Bureau survey of the small business sector, the 1982 Characteristics of Business Owners survey, which contains information on both small businesses and the managers running them. A number of patterns are documented. For example, among small businesses of the same age, the probability that a business fails and the probability that a business is sold are both initially decreasing in the tenure of the manager at the business. Among businesses with managers who have ...
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作者：Oettinger, GS
摘要：This article develops and tests a simple dynamic model of statistical discrimination. The model improves on earlier static models both by allowing ex ante uncertainty about worker productivity to be resolved as on-the-job performance is observed and by generating several testable empirical implications. These predictions are tested using a sample of young men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, producing mixed evidence for the model. The main empirical result is that no black-white...
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作者：Ogawa, N; Ermisch, JF
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：A recent (1990) national survey is used in an econometric analysis of Japanese women's hourly pay and employment patterns. It confirms many results from Western industrial countries but also indicates the important influence of Japan's unique family structure, the persistence of multigenerational households, on married women's employment patterns. Younger married women are more likely to take paid employment in such households, particularly on a full-time basis, than in nuclear family househol...
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作者：Meghir, C; Whitehouse, E
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：We use data on male employees from the U.K. Family Expenditure Survey for the years 1968-86 to investigate the behavior of wages over time and across cohorts. We find that differentials between manual workers and professional managerial ones are lower at labor market entry for younger cohorts but increasing faster with age in the 1980s than in the past. The returns to experience appear to be very low in the United Kingdom, particularly for manual and clerical workers, although the improved edu...
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作者：Idson, TL; Valletta, RG
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：We investigate the effect of tenure on employee retention under varying labor market conditions. Using a competing risks analysis of recall and new job acceptance applied to layoff unemployment spell data from waves 15 and 16 (1982-83) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that adverse conditions (sectoral employment decline) significantly reduce the positive tenure effect on recall probabilities. This result is consistent with firm default on delayed payment contracts and does not ap...
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作者：Angrist, JD
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip who work in Israel generally earn more than Palestinians employed locally, but this wage premium is highly volatile. Beginning with the 1987 Palestinian uprising, changes in wage differentials by work location parallel Palestinian absences from work in Israel. This article interprets changing location differentials in response to exogenous shocks as movements along an Israeli demand curve for migrant workers. Estimates of a model of the Wes...
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作者：Grogger, J
摘要：Around 1980, the trend toward racial wage convergence essentially stopped. I ask whether this break in the convergence trend can be explained by school quality. Department of Education surveys provide earnings data for the high school Class of 1972 in 1979 and the Class of 1980 in 1986, both linked to data from the respondents' high schools. By several measures, differences between schools attended by blacks and whites were already rather small in the 1970s. Furthermore, I find that measurable...
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作者：McCue, K
摘要：This article presents evidence that internal mobility, defined as a promotion or other position change, is an important source of wage growth. Tt accounts :or approximately 15% of wage growth over the life cycle for white and black men, but less for women. The incidence of promotions and other position changes appears tied to the wage level: better paid workers are more likely to be promoted. The life-cycle incidence of internal mobility looks similar to that for conventionally defined job mob...
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作者：Park, KS
摘要：This article analyzes the causes of workers' multiskill training and, based on a survey of manufacturing plants and workers in Korea, concludes that multiskill capability arises from specific on-the-job training paid for by the firm. I describe various aspects of multiskilled workers and set up a theoretical model in which multiskilled workers are assumed to be more productive than specialized workers for producing a new product but less productive for producing an existing product. The model ...
