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作者：HUNT, J
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In West Germany during the 1980s, law changes cut the level of unemployment compensation for the unemployed without children and extended the duration of unemployment insurance for unemployed aged over 41. Analysis of these changes using the German Socioeconomic Panel shows that transitions from unemployment for those under 49 were particularly responsive to extensions of unemployment insurance. The implied elasticity for escapes of men to employment is similar to estimates for men in the Unit...
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作者：JONES, SRG; KUHN, P
摘要：We use newly available data from the Ontario Ministry of Labour to estimate the effects of advance notification of permanent layoff on unemployment durations. While notice is strongly negatively correlated with unemployment in the raw data, most of this effect disappears when we control for personal characteristics and when we correct for endogeneity of notice by using only its cross-firm variation to identify its effects. Overall, while short notice intervals can have a substantial effect on ...
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作者：DAULA, T; MOFFITT, R
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We estimate the effect of financial incentives for reenlistment on military retention rates using a stochastic dynamic programming model. We show that the computational burden of the model is relatively low even when estimated on panel data with unobserved heterogeneity. The estimates of the model show strong effects of military compensation, especially of retirement pay, on retention rates. We also compare our model with simpler-to-compute models and find that all give approximately the same ...
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作者：LUNDBERG, S; PLOTNICK, RD
摘要：We develop an empirical model of adolescent premartial childbearing in which a woman's decisions affect a sequence of outcomes: premarital pregnancy, pregnancy resolution, and the occurrence of marriage before the birth. State welfare, abortion, and family planning policies alter the costs and benefits of these outcomes. For white adolescents welfare, abortion, and family planning policy variables have significant effects on these outcomes consistent with theoretical expectations. Black adoles...
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作者：LOURY, LD; GARMAN, D
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：This article shows that college performance and selectivity have significant effects on earnings. It suggests that work that does not include college performance overstates the effect of college selectivity for Whites and understates it for Blacks. While the size of the effect of college selectivity for Blacks is larger than for Whites, the large Black earnings gain is offset for students whose own Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are significantly below the median of the college they attend. T...
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作者：COBBCLARK, DA; SHIELLS, CR; LOWELL, BL
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; United States Department of Labor
摘要：The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) represents an attempt to use labor market regulation to control illegal migration into the United States by imposing fines on employers who hire unauthorized workers. Sanctions lower wages directly because they act as a tax on hiring additional workers. In addition, IRCA legalized many longtime illegal aliens. Legalization affects wages by changing the relative supply of authorized and unauthorized workers, This study estimates IRCA's impac...
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作者：MCLAUGHLIN, KJ
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：This article characterizes labor markets in which the heterogeneity of workers and firms results in thin markets and rents. Neoclassical marginal analysis and matching are blended into a computable general equilibrium model of trade in efficiency units of labor. Although workers' bargaining problems are interrelated, a simple wage contract generates wage flexibility and efficient matching in the model's equilibrium. Equilibrium wages are predicted to vary with the diversity of firms, the scarc...
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作者：YAVAS, A
摘要：This article examines the role of middlemen in bilateral search markets (e.g., employment agencies, real estate brokers). It is shown that the middleman narrows the set of buyer (firm) and seller (worker) types who search; seller types with high valuations and buyer types with low valuations drop out of the search market and instead trade through the middleman. The middleman also decreases the equilibrium search intensities of those agents who search. It is proven that the middleman improves w...
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作者：CRAMTON, PC; TRACY, JS
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We present a bargaining model of union contract negotiations, in which the union decides between two threats: the union can strike, or it can continue to work under the expired contract. The model makes predictions about the level of dispute activity and the form disputes take. Strike incidence increases as the strike threat becomes more attractive, because of low unemployment or a real wage drop. We test these predictions by estimating logistic models of dispute incidence and dispute composit...
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作者：CHRISTENSEN, BJ; KIEFER, NM
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：Statistical analysis of the job-search model has isolated the role played by the minimum observed wage in identifying and estimating behavioral parameters. Estimators based on order statistics, however, are influenced by measurement error in ways that estimators based on averages are not, and there is ample evidence that wage data contain measurement errors. We propose a model in which worker behavior is captured by the prototypal search model but wages are observed with error.
