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作者：Barron, JM; Berger, MC; Black, DA
作者单位：University of Kentucky
摘要：This article compares various measures of on-the-job training, from a new source that matches establishments and workers, allowing us to compare the responses of employers and employees to identical training questions. Establishments report 25% more hours of training than do workers, although workers and establishments report similar incidence rates of training. Both establishment and worker measures agree that there is much more informal training than formal training. Further, informal traini...
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作者：Bell, LA
摘要：Divergent trends in the real value of the minimum wage in Mexico and Colombia in the 1980s provide an opportunity for evaluating the impact of minimum wages on developing economies. Using panel data for each country, substantial disemployment effects of minimum wages are found in Colombia, where the impact is estimated at roughly 2%-12% over the 1981-87 period. In Mexico, minimum wages have had no effect on wages or employment in the formal sector. The key explanation for the different impact ...
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作者：Currie, J; Harrison, A
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the impact of recent trade reforms. Although employment in the average private sector manufacturing firm was unaffected, there were significant employment losses to exporters and highly affected firms. Parastatals increased employment by hiring low-paid temporary workers. Many firms did not adjust wages or employment. We examine two possible explanations. First, barriers to labor market mobility could have impeded adjustment. Second, we develop a model of labor demand which allows f...
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作者：Gruber, J
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I provide new evidence on the incidence of payroll taxation by examining the experience of Chile before and after the privatization of its Social Security system. This policy change led to a sharp exogenous reduction in the payroll tax burden on Chilean firms; on average, payroll tax rates fell by 25% over 6 years. Using data from a census of manufacturing firms, I estimate that the incidence of payroll taxation is fully on wages, with no effect on employment. This finding is robust to a varie...
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作者：Diebold, FX; Neumark, D; Polsky, D
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University
摘要：Two key attributes of a job are its wage and its duration. Much has been made of changes in the wage distribution in the 1980s, but little attention has been given to job durations since Hall. We fill this void by examining the temporal evolution of job retention rates in U.S. labor markets, using data assembled from the sequence of Current Population Survey job tenure supplements. There have been relative declines in job stability for some of the groups that experienced the sharpest declines ...
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作者：Shin, K
摘要：Intersectoral shocks require resource reallocation across sectors while intrasectoral shocks require resource reallocation within sectors. A crucial difference between these shocks is that the former require much higher adjustment costs than the latter. Using accounting data to calculate returns on capital in manufacturing industries, I generate proxies for these shocks. I find that the magnitude of intrasectoral shocks is much greater than that of intersectoral shocks but intersectoral shocks...
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作者：Angrist, JD; Lavy, V
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Until 1983, the language of instruction for most subjects in grades 6 and above in Moroccan public schools was French. Beginning in 1983, the language of instruction for new cohorts of Moroccan sixth graders was switched to Arabic. We use this policy change to estimate the effect of French language skills on test scores and earnings. The estimates suggest that the elimination of compulsory French instruction led to a substantial reduction in the returns to schooling for Moroccans affected by t...
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作者：BenPorath, Y
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作者：Berman, E
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I estimate a function that matches vacant jobs and unemployed workers to produce new hires. Israeli law requiring vacancy registration yields unique data quality. The literature underestimates matching function coefficients because of a simultaneity bias, as the outflow of hires depletes stocks of unemployed and vacancies. Instruments and a new simulation method address this bias. A new test reveals strong evidence of heterogeneity in unemployed and vacancies. Estimates imply labor market dyna...
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作者：Baker, M
摘要：Using U.S. panel data on adult males, I compare the ''profile heterogeneity model'' of earnings dynamics, in which the earnings/experience profile varies across individuals, to a competing model in which earnings ''has a unit root.'' The latter specification enjoys increasing popularity among researchers. My analysis questions this favor, suggesting the profile heterogeneity model provides a more consistent representation of the data. I also provide new estimates of the variation in earnings g...
