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作者：Flyer, F; Rosen, S
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Rapidly growing costs of elementary and secondary education are studied in the context of the rising value of women's time. The dramatic increase in direct costs of education per student in the past 3 decades is empirically linked to increasing demand and utilization of teacher and staff inputs, attributable to growing market opportunities for women and changes in the structure of families. On the supply side, the ''flexibility option'' that female teachers who take temporary leaves do not suf...
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作者：Shaw, KL
摘要：Risk aversion enters many theoretical models of human capital investment, but attitudes toward risk have not been incorporated in empirical models of human capital investment. This article develops a model of the joint investment in financial wealth and human wealth to show that human capital investment is an inverse function of the degree of relative risk aversion. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, I find that wage growth is positively correlated with preferences for risk takin...
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作者：vandenBerg, GJ; vanOurs, JC
摘要：A major issue in the analysis of unemployment durations concerns distinguishing genuine duration dependence of the exit rate out of unemployment from unobserved heterogeneity. We present a method for the nonparametric estimation of both phenomena, designed to be applicable to time-series data on aggregate outflows from different duration classes. The model explicitly takes into account that individual exit rates are affected by the business cycle and by seasonal effects. The method is applied ...
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作者：Chang, C; Wang, YJ
摘要：This article investigates how human capital investment, labor turnover, and wages are jointly determined when the current employer knows more about a worker's productivity than potential employers. Results derived are quite different from, or unexplored by, the standard human capital theory. We show that the information asymmetry can cause an externality distortion in human capital investment because higher productivity due to the investment may not be recognized by the market. The investment ...
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作者：Paxson, CH; Sicherman, N
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：This article concerns dual job holding and its link to job mobility. We present evidence from U.S. data on patterns of dual job holding, hours changes, and job mobility. We find that workers move into and out of second jobs frequently, that these movements are associated with large changes in work hours, and that hours constraints may prompt workers to take second jobs. Second, we review theories of dual job holding and present a stochastic dynamic model of dual job holding and job mobility in...
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作者：Chan, W
摘要：This article analyzes the choice between internal promotion and external recruitment within the framework of an economic contest. Opening up the competition for a position to external candidates reduces the chance of promotion for existing workers and therefore their incentive to work. Increasing the prize for winning can maintain incentives but is limited by moral hazard and potentially disruptive office politics. Alternatively, a competitive handicap can be awarded to existing workers to boo...
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作者：Chan, W
摘要：This article presents a model of labor market adjustments as a sequential process of reallocation among various market and nonmarket sectors. Training costs introduce friction into the process, while fixed costs of working limit work sharing, resulting in unemployment. Adjustments in sectoral labor market variables to demand shocks can follow very different patterns, depending on relative demands and the expected duration of the shocks. In particular, a permanent boom in a sector may result in...
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作者：Christofides, LN; McKenna, CJ
摘要：We use data from the Canadian 2-year longitudinal Labour Market Activity Survey of 1986-87 to estimate the effect of the Unemployment Insurance (UI) system on job duration. Particular attention is focused on the ''entrance requirements'' of the UI system, which relate eligibility for UI benefits to an individual's recent employment history. The article makes operational the UI entrance requirement provisions which take into account variations in the regional unemployment rate. Controlling for ...
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作者：Zax, JS; Kain, JF
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This article examines the responses of black and white workers to their employer's relocation from downtown Detroit to suburban Dearborn. Estimates of move and quit probabilities demonstrate that white employees whose commutes lengthened because of the relocation were more likely to move, but no more likely to quit, than white employees whose commute shortened. Black employees whose commutes lengthened were more likely to both move and quit in the wake of the relocation. In effect, the restric...
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作者：Blakemore, AE; Burgess, PL; Low, SA; StLouis, RD
摘要：We use unique data to analyze employer tax compliance with Unemployment Insurance (UI) provisions. The data indicate that employers may have underreported $728 million of UI taxes nationally in 1987 alone. To formally examine this noncompliance, a theoretical model of payroll tax evasion is developed showing that increasing payroll tax rates, among other things, likely increases noncompliance by risk-neutral firms. This prediction is empirically verified. The finding that UI tax evasion is sys...
