-
作者：Welch, F
摘要：During the last 25 years, annual hours worked by prime aged men fell by the equivalent of six 40-hour workweeks. The reduction was more pronounced among those younger than among mid-age workers, among black men than among white men, and among those with less schooling. Thus hours worked not only fell but showed increased dispersion, increases that paralleled the growth in wage dispersion that has become so familiar to students of trends in wages. The argument advanced here is that the correspo...
-
作者：Barth, E
摘要：This article studies the relationship between seniority and wages. Micro data with more than one observation from each firm are utilized to single out the seniority effect on wages arising within firms from the total seniority wage effect. The results show that the seniority effect arises within firms, but do not support the human capital explanation of the seniority wage profile. Employees with high levels of firm-sqecific on-the-job training requirements have less steep wage profiles. The re...
-
作者：Brown, C; Corcoran, M
摘要：In high school and college, men and women take significantly different courses. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the National Longitudinal Study class of 1972, we relate these differences in school content to sex differences in adult wages. Differences in field of highest degree account for a significant part of the male-female wage gap among college graduates, but differences in coursework account for little of the equally large wage gap between men and women...
-
作者：Hall, RE
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What are the fundamental driving forces of macroeconomic fluctuations? In particular, why do people spend more time working in booms and less in recessions? These are basic questions of macroeconomics. Recent thinking has emphasized technology shifts, preference shifts, and changes in government purchases as likely driving forces. It is useful to distinguish atemporal and intertemporal effects of the driving forces. Under standard assumptions, the technology shift has no effect through atempor...
-
作者：Suen, W
摘要：The decomposition of wage residuals into standard deviation and percentile ranks can be misleading because the two measures are not necessarily independent. With rising wage inequality, the mean percentile rank of low-wage groups will rise simply because more dispersed distributions have thicker tails. This interpretation is consistent with the observed stability of gender and racial wage gaps. In contrast, the unmeasured skill interpretation of wage residuals would predict widening wage gaps ...
-
作者：Lazear, EP
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an-exercise in understanding incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined. What is the effect of rewarding past effort? What happens when a few large awards are replaced by many small, awards? How does the timing of an a nard affect effort? How does an agency choose which to...
-
作者：Juhn, CH; Murphy, KN
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Using the March Current Population Surveys and the 1960 census, this article describes earnings and employment changes for married couples in different types of households stratified by the husband's hourly wage. While declines in male employment and earnings have been greatest for low-wage men, employment and earnings gains have been largest for wives of middle- and high-wage men. These findings cast doubt on the notion that married women have increased their labor supply in the recent decade...
-
作者：Freeman, RB
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Volunteer activity is work performed without monetary recompense. This article shows that volunteering is a sizeable economic activity in the United States, that volunteers have high skills and opportunity costs of time, that standard labor supply explanations of volunteering account for only a minor part of volunteer behavior, and that many volunteer only when requested to do so. This suggests that volunteering is a ''conscience good or activity''-something that people feel morally obligated ...
-
作者：Barron, JM; Gjerde, KP
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University
摘要：We investigate the role of peer pressure in influencing the optimal incentive scheme offered to workers engaged in team production. We develop an agency model of peer policing to identify factors that affect the extent of mutual monitoring. As the principal must compensate workers for their monitoring efforts and the costs that peer pressure imposes on workers, introducing peer pressure alters the optimal compensation package. We establish conditions under which the principal reduces the margi...
-
作者：Mincer, J
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In this work I enquire into the empirical validity and some implications of Yoram Ben-Porath's insights. Section II answers the question, Are the shapes and magnitudes of growth in wage profiles largely attributable to human capital investments? Section III tests the proposition that over the working age capacity wages decline before observed wages do. Implied timing of labor supply provides the test. In Section IV implications are drawn from Ben-Porath's model for interpersonal differences an...
