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作者：Sytsma, Tobias
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：In countries where there exist limited opportunities to source inputs locally, rules of origin undermine access to preferential trade agreements for final goods exporters. I analyze the 2011 revision to the rules of origin associated with the European Union's Generalized System of Preferences, which allowed apparel producers in least developed countries to use internationally sourced textiles in exported products. Using transaction-level data on Bangladeshi apparel firms, I find that the rules...
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作者：Ni, Shawn; Podgursky, Michael; Wang, Fangda
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：In a widely cited study, Fitzpatrick (2015) found that more than one quarter of Illinois teachers were unwilling to pay 19 cents for pension enhancements worth one dollar in present value. We revisit this finding by tracking the same cohort of teachers to retirement, permitting exact measurement of service years and the annuity received. The vast majority of teachers purchased the upgrade. Among those who did not, the net benefit of the upgrade is negative given their retirement timing. The co...
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作者：Butschek, Sebastian
作者单位：University of Innsbruck
摘要：Many scholars have studied the employment effects of minimum wages, but little is known about effects on the composition of hires. I investigate whether Germany's minimum wage introduction raised hiring standards, using worker fixed effects as a proxy for worker productivity. For the least productive workers hired, the minimum wage led to a 4 percentile point shift in the productivity distribution. This increase is missed using standard observable measures of worker productivity. The effects a...
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作者：MUMMA, K. I. R. S. T. E. N. S. L. U. N. G. A. A. R. D.
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：The rapid expansion of charter schools has fueled concerns about their impact on traditional public schools. I estimate the effect of charter openings on traditional public schools in Massachusetts and North Carolina by comparing schools near actual charter sites to those near proposed sites that were never occupied. I find charter openings reduced public school enrollment by around 5 percent and reduced White enrollment in North Carolina. I find no impact on student achievement, and my 95 per...
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作者：Koster, Hans R. A.; Pinchbeck, Edward W.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Birmingham
摘要：Despite the near ubiquity of intertemporal choice, there is little consensus on the rate at which individuals trade present and future costs and benefits. We contribute to this debate by estimating discount rates from extensive data on housing transactions and spatiotemporal variation in property taxes in England. Our findings imply long-term average net of growth nominal discount rates that are between 3 and 4 percent. The close correspondence to prevailing market interest rates gives little ...
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作者：Allcott, Hunt; Rafkin, Charlie
作者单位：Microsoft; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We model optimal e-cigarette regulation and estimate key param-eters. Using tax changes and scanner data, we estimate relatively elastic demand. A demographic shift-share identification strategy suggests limited substitution between e-cigarettes and cigarettes. We field a new survey of public health experts who report that vap-ing is more harmful than previously believed. In our model's aver-age Monte Carlo simulation, these results imply optimal e-cigarette taxes are higher than recent norms....
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作者：Canaan, Serena; Deeb, Antoine; Mouganie, Pierre
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：This paper provides the first causal evidence on the impact of college adviser quality on student outcomes. To do so, we exploit a unique setting where students are randomly assigned to faculty advisers during their first year of college. We find that higher adviser value added (VA) substantially improves freshman year GPA, time to com-plete freshman year and four-year graduation rates. Additionally, higher adviser VA increases high-ability students' likelihood of enrolling and graduating with...
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作者：Layton, Timothy J.; Maestas, Nicole; Prinz, Daniel; Vabson, Boris
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study two mechanisms used by public health insurance programs for rationing health care: outsourcing to private managed care plans and quantity limits for prescription drugs. Leveraging a natural experiment in Texas's Medicaid program, we find that the shift to managed care and the relaxation of a strict drug cap increased access to high-value drugs and outpatient services and reduced avoidable hospitalizations. Program costs increased significantly, indicating a trade-off between cost and ...
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作者：Liu, Chenyuan; Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Prior research documents that there are sometimes dominated options in health plan menus, but is that common? We analyze Kaiser Family Foundation data on health plans that firms offer to their employees. For firms offering both a high-deductible and lower-deductible health plan, 62 percent of the time the high-deductible option has lower maximum spending risk for the employee. We estimate that the high-deductible plan dominates at roughly half of firms. We discuss potential mechanisms behind t...
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作者：Rossi, Pauline; Godard, Mathilde
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：The old-age security motive for fertility postulates that people's needs for old-age support raise the demand for children. We exploit the extension of social pensions in Namibia during the 1990s to pro-vide a quasi-experimental quantification of this widespread idea. The reform eliminated inequalities in pension coverage and ben-efits across regions and ethnic groups. Combining differences in pre-reform pensions and differences in exposure across cohorts, we show that pensions substantially r...
