-
作者：Traeger, Christian P.
作者单位：University of Oslo; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I study optimal carbon taxation in an analytic quantitative integrated assessment model (IAM) that links IAM components, parametric assumptions , calibration approaches directly to their policy impacts. I show how temperature's tax impact differs from that of previously analytically modeled carbon dynamics. Novel to analytic IAMs are a general economy, energy sectors including capital, vary-ing degrees of substitutability across energy sources, an approxi-mation of capital persistence, objecti...
-
作者：Achou, Bertrand
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Housing is mostly exempted from Medicaid and Supplemental Social Insurance means tests. Reforms of this special treatment have been debated, but little is known about its costs, benefits, and redistributive implications. I estimate a life cycle model of single retirees accounting for this exemption. It shows that the homestead exemption explains important patterns of Medicaid recipiency and that it is highly valued. It also shows that estate recovery could cover most of its costs with possibly...
-
作者：Miglino, Enrico; Navarrete, Nicolas h.; Navarrete, Gonzalo h.; Navarrete, Pablo h.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Universidad de Chile; Polytechnic University of Milan; Universidad de Chile; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We estimate the effect of a permanent income increase on the health outcomes of the elderly poor. Our regression discontinuity design exploits an eligibility cutoff in a Chilean basic pension program that grants monthly payments to retirees without a contributory pension. Using administrative data, we find that four years after applying, basic pension recipients are 2.7 percentage points less likely to have died. Survey evidence suggests an increase in food consumption and visits to health cen...
-
作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Knepper, Matthew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We test whether age discrimination rises during recessions using two complementary analyses. Confidential EEOC microdata reveal that age-related firing and hiring charges rise by 3.3 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively, for each percentage point increase in a state-industry's monthly unemployment. Though the opportunity cost of filing falls, the fraction of meritorious claims increases-a suf-ficient condition for rising discrimination under plausible assump-tions. Second, we repurpose data f...
-
作者：Frakes, Michael D.; Wasserman, Melissa F.
作者单位：Duke University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We explore how the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may improve the quality of issued patents on secondary drug features by giving examiners more time to review drug patent applications. Our findings suggest that current time allocations are causing examiners to issue low-quality secondary patents on the margin. To assess the merits of expanding ex ante scrutiny of drug patent applications at the agency, we set forth estimates of the various gains and losses associated with giving examiners mo...
-
作者：Danzer, Alexander M.; Zyska, Lennard
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This study identifies the causal effect of pension generosity on wom-en's fertility behavior. It capitalizes on Brazil's expansion of the pen-sion system to rural workers, whose pension wealth subsequently more than tripled. Difference-in-difference, instrumental variable, and event study methods show that the pension reform reduces the propensity of childbearing of women of fertile age by 8 percent in the short run. Completed fertility declines by 1.3 children within 20 years after the reform...
-
作者：Craig, Ashley C.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：I study optimal income taxation when human capital investment is imperfectly observable by employers. In the model, Bayesian inference about worker productivity compresses the wage distribution, lowering the private return to human capital investment. An externality arises: given the same information, employers are more optimistic about each individual if workers are generally more productive. The significance of this externality hinges on the accuracy of employers'beliefs and the responsivene...
-
作者：Beg, Sabrin; Halim, Waqas; Lucas, Adrienne M.; Saif, Umar
作者单位：University of Delaware; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using two RCTs in middle schools in Pakistan, we show that brief, expert-led, curriculum-based videos integrated into the classroom experience improved teaching effectiveness: student test scores in math and science increased by 0.3 standard deviations, 60 percent more than the control group, after 4 months of exposure. Students and teachers increased their attendance, and students were more likely to pass the high-stakes government exams. By contrast, pro-viding similar content to students on...
-
作者：Evans, Mary F.; Harris, Matthew C.; Kessler, Lawrence M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
-
作者：Henry, Emeric; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina; Guriev, Sergei
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Paris School of Economics
摘要：During the 2019 European elections campaign, we exposed a random sample of French voting-age Facebook users to false statements by a far-right populist party. A randomly selected subgroup was also presented with fact-checking of these statements; another subgroup was offered a choice of whether to view the fact-checking. Participants could then share these statements on their Facebook pages. We show that (i) both imposed and voluntary fact-checking reduce sharing of false statements by about 4...
