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作者：Wu, Jia; Zhang, Junsen; Wang, Chunchao
作者单位：Shandong University; Zhejiang University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Jinan University; Jinan University
摘要：We estimate the effects of an educational peer intervention in which previously high-and low-achieving students are randomly paired as deskmates in elementary schools in China. Our treatment boosts the mathematics scores of the low-achieving students. Moreover, the treatment enhances the extraversion and agreeableness of high -and low-achieving students, thereby providing evidence that peers can influence personality traits. The positive treatment effects can be attributed to the deskmate-leve...
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作者：Deneault, Christa
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：I estimate the impact of a Louisiana state policy that mandated Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) applications as a high school graduation requirement. I find significant increases in FAFSA completion rates (19 percentage points), and my estimates imply an increase of 1-2 percentage points in college enrollment. There is suggestive evidence that these effects were more concentrated among lower-income students/schools, and merit-based state financial aid applications also increas...
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作者：Ahlquist, John S.; Downey, Mitch
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：We study direct and indirect effects of Chinese import competition on union membership in the United States, 1990-2014. Import com-petition in manufacturing induced a modest decline in unionization within manufacturing industries. The magnitude is small because unionized manufacturers competed in higher-quality product seg-ments. Manufacturers in right-to-work states experienced more direct competition with low-quality Chinese imports. Outside of manufac-turing, however, import competition cau...
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作者：Englander, Gabriel
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper establishes that a targeted policy backfires because it reveals information about nontargeted units. In the world's largest fishery, the regulator attempts to reduce the harvesting of juvenile fish by temporarily closing areas where the share of juvenile catch is high. By combining administrative microdata with biologically richer data from fishing firms, I isolate variation in closures that is due to the regulator's lower-resolution data. I estimate substantial temporal and spatial...
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作者：Mueller, Karsten
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Do politics matter for macroprudential policies? I show that changes in macroprudential regulation exhibit a predictable electoral cycle in the run-up to 221 elections across 58 countries from 2000 through 2014. Policies restricting mortgages and consumer credit are system-atically looser before elections, particularly during economic expan-sions. Consistent with theories of opportunistic political cycles, this pattern is stronger when election outcomes are uncertain, regulators are closely ti...
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作者：Bagues, Manuel; Roth, Christopher
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Max Planck Society
摘要：We study the long-run effects of contact with individuals from other regions in early adulthood on preferences, beliefs, and national identity. We combine a natural experiment, the random assignment of male conscripts to different locations throughout Spain, with tailored survey data. Being randomly assigned to complete military service outside of one's region of residence fosters contact with conscripts from other regions and increases sympathy and trust toward people from the region of servi...
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作者：Card, David; Fenizia, Alessandra; Silver, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; George Washington University
摘要：Treatment practices vary widely across hospitals, often with little connection to patients' medical needs. We assess impacts of these differences in delivery practices at childbirth. We find that infants quasi-randomly delivered at hospitals with higher C-section rates are born in better shape and are less likely to be readmitted, with suggestive evidence of improved survival. These benefits are driven by avoidance of prolonged labors that pose risks to infant health. In contrast, these infant...
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作者：Jha, Akshaya; Wolak, Frank A.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Forward markets are believed to aggregate information about future spot prices and reduce the cost of producing the commodity. We develop a measure of the extent to which forward and spot prices agree in markets with transaction costs. Using this measure, we show that day-ahead prices better reflect real-time prices at all locations in California's electricity market after the introduction of financial trading. We then present evidence suggesting that operating costs and input fuel use fell af...
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作者：Shi, Ying; Singleton, John D.
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Rochester
摘要：We examine the causal influence of educators elected to the school board on local education production. The key empirical challenge is that school board composition is endogenously determined through the electoral process. To overcome this, we develop a novel research design that leverages California's randomized assignment of the order that candidate names appear on election ballots. We find that an additional educator elected to the school board reduces charter schooling and increases teache...
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作者：Wallace, Jacob
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Leveraging the random assignment of over 50,000 Medicaid enroll-ees in New York, I present causal evidence that narrower networks are a blunt instrument for reducing health care spending. While nar-rower networks constrain spending, they do so by generating hassle costs that reduce quantity, with modest effects on prices paid to pro-viders. Enrollees assigned to narrower networks use fewer of both needed and unneeded services and are less satisfied with their plans. Using my causal estimates t...
