American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

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• School Spending and Student Outcomes: Evidence from Revenue Limit Elections in Wisconsin AI翻译
  作者：Baron, E. Jason
  作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This study examines the impacts of two distinct types of school spending on student outcomes. State-imposed revenue limits cap the total amount of revenue that a school district in Wisconsin can raise unless the district holds a referendum asking voters to exceed the cap. Importantly, Wisconsin law requires districts to hold separate referenda for operational and capital expenditures, which allows for estimating their independent effects. Leveraging close elections in a dynamic regression disc...
• Collaborative Tax Evasion in the Provision of Services to Consumers: A Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Doerr, Annabelle; Necker, Sarah
  作者单位：University of Basel; University of Freiburg
  摘要：We conduct a field experiment with sellers of home improvement services on two German online markets. We take the role of consumers and vary whether we request an invoice for the delivery of the service. In a market that allows anyone to sell anonymously , a willingness to evade is prevalent. In a market that keeps track of credentials , sellers are only willing to evade when a willingness to collude is signaled. The evasion discount is in most estimates not larger than the tax subsidy for leg...
• Subsidizing Fuel-Efficient Cars: Evidence from China's Automobile Industry AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Chia-Wen; Hu, Wei-Min; Knittel, Christopher R.
  作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Chengchi University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：This paper examines the response of vehicle purchase behavior to China's largest national subsidy program for fuel-efficient vehicles during 2010 and 2011. Using variation from the program's eligibility cutoffs and the rollout of the subsidy program , the program is found to boost sales for subsidized vehicle models , but also to create a substitution effect within highly fuel-efficient vehicles. Estimates imply that ignoring the substitution effect would lead one to conclude that the program ...
• Unit Sales and Price Effects of Preannounced Consumption Tax Reforms: Micro-level Evidence from European VAT AI翻译
  作者：Buettner, Thiess; Madzharova, Boryana
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
  摘要：We study the effects of consumption tax changes on prices and unit sales of durables utilizing micro-level product data. The results show that tax rate changes are fully shifted into prices. An anticipated tax rate change causes a temporary shift in unit sales shortly before implementation, which is more than offset by adjustments upon and after implementation. If the tax rate increases by 1 percentage point, unit sales rise by 2.5 percent on average in the last month before implementation. Th...
• The Effect of Leaded Gasoline on Elderly Mortality: Evidence from Regulatory Exemptions AI翻译
  作者：Hollingsworth, Alex; Rudik, Ivan
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Cornell University
  摘要：Leaded gasoline is still used globally for aviation and automotive racing. Exploiting regulatory exemptions and a novel quasi-experiment, we find that leaded gasoline use in racing increases ambient lead, elevated blood lead rates, and elderly mortality. The mortality estimates indicate that each gram of lead added to gasoline exceeds $1,100 in damages. Our setting allows us to rule out potential con-founders, such as correlated pollutants or socioeconomic status. We provide the first causal e...
• Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy, and Training AI翻译
  作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra; Duflo, Esther; Keniston, Daniel; Singh, Nina
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Calcutta; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
  摘要：Management matters for firms, but what practices are optimal in hierarchical government organizations? And can skilled managers identify them? A large-scale randomized trial conducted with the police of Rajasthan, India, tested four interventions recommended by senior police officers: limitations of transfers, rotation of duties and days off, increased community involvement, and on-duty training. Field experience motivated a fifth intervention: decoy visits by enumerators to register cases, in...
• The Internet as a Tax Haven? AI翻译
  作者：Agrawal, David R.
  摘要：If online transactions are tax free, increased online shopping may lower tax rates as jurisdictions seek to reduce tax avoidance; but, if online firms remit taxes, online sales may put upward pressure on tax rates because internet sales help enforce destination-based taxes. I find that higher internet penetration generally results in lower municipal tax rates but raises tax rates in some jurisdictions. The latter effect emerges in states where many online vendors remit taxes. A 1 standard devi...
• Program Recertification Costs: Evidence from SNAP AI翻译
  作者：Homonoff, Tatiana; Somerville, Jason
  作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
  摘要：Participants in means-tested programs must periodically document eligibility through a recertification process. If all cases that fail recertification are ineligible, the exact timing of this process should be irrelevant. We find that later recertification interview assignments for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which leave less time to reschedule missed interviews, decrease recertification success by 22 percent. The consequences of not recertifying due to later intervie...
• The Electric Vehicle Transition and the Economics of Banning Gasoline Vehicles AI翻译
  作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Mansur, Erin T.; Yates, Andrew J.
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
  摘要：Electric vehicles have a unique potential to transform personal transportation. We analyze this transition with a dynamic model capturing falling costs of electric vehicles, decreasing pollution from electricity, and increasing vehicle substitutability. Our calibration to the US market shows a transition from gasoline vehicles is not optimal at current substitutability: a gasoline vehicle production ban would have large deadweight loss. At higher substitutability, a ban can reduce deadweight l...
• Wired and Hired: Employment Effects of Subsidized Broadband Internet for Low-Income Americans AI翻译
  作者：Zuo, George W.
  作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
  摘要：I present evidence on the relationship between broadband pricing and labor market outcomes for low-income individuals. Specifically, I estimate the effects of a Comcast service providing discounted broadband to qualifying low-income families. I use a triple differences strategy exploiting geographic variation in Comcast coverage, individual variation in eligibility, and temporal variation pre- and postlaunch. Local program availability increased employment rates and earnings of eligible indivi...