American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Adaptation and Adverse Selection in Markets for Natural Disaster Insurance AI翻译
  作者：Wagner, Katherine R. H.
  作者单位：Stanford University
  摘要：This paper quantifies frictions in uptake, tests for adverse selection, and analyzes welfare effects of proposed reforms in natural disaster insurance markets. I find that willingness to pay is remarkably low. In high-risk flood zones, fewer than 60 percent of homeowners purchase flood insurance even though premiums are only two-thirds of own costs. Estimating flood insurance demand and cost elasticities using house-level variation in premiums from recent US congressional reforms reveals that ...
• Housing Lock: Dutch Evidence on the Impact of Negative Home Equity on Household Mobility AI翻译
  作者：Bernstein, Asaf; Struyven, Daan
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This paper employs Dutch administrative population data to test the housing lock hypothesis: the conjecture that homeowners with negative home equity, low levels of financial assets, and restricted opportunities to borrow reduce their mobility. Variation in home equity driven by the timing of home purchase within a municipality and the harshness of Dutch recourse laws facilitates identification of housing lock effects. The 2SLS estimate for the effect of negative home equity is a 74-79 percent...
• Technology, Taxation, and Corruption: Evidence from the Introduction of Electronic Tax Filings AI翻译
  作者：Okunogbe, Oyebola; Pouliquen, Victor
  作者单位：The World Bank; University of Oxford
  摘要：Many e-government initiatives introduce technology to improve efficiency and avoid potential human bias. Using experimental variation, we examine the impact of electronic tax filing (to replace in-person submission to tax officials) using data from Tajikistan firms. E-filing reduces the time firms spend on taxes by 40 percent. Further, among firms previously more likely to evade, e-filing doubles taxes paid. Conversely, evidence suggests that e-filing reduces tax payments among firms previousl...
• Gerrymandering in State Legislatures: Frictions from Axiomatic Bargaining AI翻译
  作者：Sabouni, Hisam; Shelton, Cameron A.
  作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University
  摘要：Theories of partisan redistricting postulate unitary actors maximiz-ing their party's expected seat share. Yet, the partition of a fixed sup-ply of friendly voters necessarily implies a tragedy of the commons. We recast partisan redistricting as a bargaining game among the sitting representatives of the party controlling the map. The status quo is the threat point, explaining why changes are frequently minor. This bargaining framework implies that highly competitive districts will receive more...
• When Does Product Liability Risk Chill Innovation? Evidence from Medical Implants AI翻译
  作者：GALASSO, A. L. B. E. R. T. O.; LUO, H. O. N. G.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
  摘要：Liability laws designed to compensate for harms caused by defective products may also affect innovation. We examine this issue by exploiting a major quasi-exogenous increase in liability risk faced by US suppliers of polymers used to manufacture medical implants. Difference-in-difference analyses show that this surge in suppliers' liability risk had a large and negative impact on downstream innovation in medical implants, but it had no significant effect on upstream polymer patenting. Our find...
• The Effect of Charter Schools on School Segregations AI翻译
  作者：Monarrez, Tomas; Kisida, Brian; Chingos, Matthew
  作者单位：Urban Institute; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
  摘要：We examine the impact of the expansion of charter schools on racial segregation in public schools, defined using multiple measures of racial sorting and isolation. Our research design utilizes between-grade differences in charter expansion within school systems and an instrumental variables approach leveraging charter school openings. Charter schools modestly increase school segregation for Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White students. On average, charters have caused a 6 percent decrease in the...
• Centralized Admissions, Affirmative Action, and Access of Low-Income Students to Higher Education AI翻译
  作者：Mello, Ursula
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE)
  摘要：I analyze how two reforms, introduced to expand college access in Brazil, impacted enrollments of low-SES students. The first policy centralized applications in a nationwide platform (SISU), and the second expanded affirmative action quotas (AA) to a uniform share of 50 percent of vacancies offered by degree. Results show that SISU changes enrollment decisions of high-SES students, crowding out low-SES groups from the least competitive degrees disproportionately. In contrast, AA increases enro...
• Homeownership, Labor Supply, and Neighborhood Quality AI翻译
  作者：HAUSMAN, N. A. O. M. I.; RAMOT-NYSKA, T. A. M. A. R.; ZUSSMAN, N. O. A. M.
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Bank of Israel
  摘要：This paper provides evidence on the external benefits of homeownership among low-income populations. A natural experiment in Israel generated large changes in neighborhood homeownership rates while holding fixed the residents and housing stock, two primary sources of bias in traditional estimates. When public housing tenants are given the opportunity to buy their units, buyers increase labor supply. Effects are felt in the neighborhood: when homeownership rises by 10 pp, neighborhood home pric...
• The Labor Market Impacts of Universal and Permanent Cash Transfers: Evidence from the Alaska Permanent Fund AI翻译
  作者：JONES, D. A. M. O. N.; MARINESCU, I. O. A. N. A.
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Since 1982, all Alaskan residents have received a yearly cash dividend from the Alaska Permanent Fund. Using the Current Population Survey and a synthetic control method, this paper shows that the dividend had no effect on employment and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17 percent). A calibration of microeconomic and macroeconomic effects suggests that the empirical results are consistent with cash stimulating the local economy-a general equilibrium effect. Nontradable sector...
• Depreciating Licenses AI翻译
  作者：Weyl, E. Glen; Zhang, Anthony Lee
  作者单位：Microsoft; University of Chicago
  摘要：Many governments assign use licenses for natural resources, such as radio spectrum, fishing rights, and mineral extraction rights, through auctions or other market-like mechanisms. License design affects resource users' investment incentives as well as the efficiency of asset allocation. No existing license design achieves first-best outcomes on both dimensions. Long-term licenses give owners high investment incentives but impede reallocation to high-valued entrants. Short-term licenses improv...