American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• Healthcare Demand under Simple Prices: Evidence from Tiered Hospital Networks AI翻译
  作者：Prager, Elena
  作者单位：Northwestern University
  摘要：This paper shows that consumers respond to prices for complex healthcare when they can easily assess out-of-pocket prices. Healthcare cost containment efforts increasingly incentivize price shopping despite a dearth of evidence that this steers consumers toward lower-priced care for major medical services. I show that consumers shift toward lower-priced hospitals in the highly simplified price information environment of insurance plans with tiered hospital networks. Consumers observe a single ...
• What is the Added Value of Preschool for Poor Children? Long-Term and Intergenerational Impacts and Interactions with an Infant Health Intervention AI翻译
  作者：Rossin-Slater, Maya; Wust, Miriam
  作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：We study the impact of preschool targeted at children from low-income families over the life cycle and across generations, and examine its interaction with an infant health intervention. Using Danish administrative data with variation in the timing of program implementation over the period 1933-1960, we find lasting benefits of access to preschool on adult educational attainment, earnings, and survival beyond age 65. We also show that children of women exposed to pre-school obtain more educati...
• A Precinct Too Far: Turnout and Voting Costs AI翻译
  作者：Cantoni, Enrico
  作者单位：University of Bologna
  摘要：I study the effects of voting costs-specifically, distance to polling location-using geographic discontinuities. Opposite sides of boundaries between voting precincts are observationally identical, except for their assigned polling locations. This discontinuous assignment produces sharp changes in voters' travel distance to cast their ballots. In nine municipalities in Massachusetts and Minnesota, a 1 standard deviation (0.245 mile) increase in distance reduces ballots cast by 2 to 5 percent a...
• One in a Million: Field Experiments on Perceived Closeness of the Election and Voter Turnout AI翻译
  作者：Gerber, Alan; Hoffman, Mitchell; Morgan, John; Raymond, Collin
  作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：During the 2010 gubernatorial elections, we elicit voter beliefs about the closeness of the election before and after showing different polls, which, depending on treatment, indicate a close or not-close race. Subjects update their beliefs in response to polls, but overestimate the probability of a very close election. However, turnout is unaffected by beliefs about election closeness. A follow-up RCT, conducted during the 2014 gubernatorial elections at much larger scale, also points to littl...
• Tipping and the Effects of Segregation AI翻译
  作者：Bohlmark, Anders; Willen, Alexander
  作者单位：Stockholm University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
  摘要：We analyze how neighborhood ethnic population composition affects the short- and long-run education and labor market outcomes of natives and immigrants. To overcome the problem of nonrandom sorting across neighborhoods, we borrow theoretical insights from the tipping point literature and exploit estimated tipping thresholds as instruments for changes in ethnic population composition. Our results provide little evidence in support of the idea that living in a neighborhood with a higher immigran...
• Rules for Recovery: Impact of Indexed Disaster Funds on Shock Coping in Mexico AI翻译
  作者：del Valle, Alejandro; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Government provision of disaster transfers is typically hampered by liquidity constraints and by weak rules and administrative capacity to disburse reconstruction resources. We show that by easing these hurdles, Mexico's indexed disaster fund (Fonden) considerably accelerates economic recovery after a disaster. To estimate Fonden impact on recovery, as measured by night lights, we exploit the heavy rainfall index that determines program eligibility. We find that for one year after a disaster, ...
• The Not-So-Hot Melting Pot: The Persistence of Outcomes for Descendants of the Age of Mass Migration AI翻译
  作者：Ward, Zachary
  作者单位：Baylor University
  摘要：How persistent are economic gaps across ethnicities? The convergence of ethnic gaps through the third generation of immigrants is difficult to measure because few datasets include grandparental birthplace. I overcome this limitation with a new three-generational dataset that links immigrant grandfathers in 1880 to their grandsons in 1940. I find that the persistence of ethnic gaps in occupational income is 2.5 times stronger than predicted by a standard grandfather-grandson elasticity. While p...
• Gender Homophily in Referral Networks: Consequences for the Medicare Physician Earnings Gap AI翻译
  作者：Zeltzer, Dan
  作者单位：Tel Aviv University
  摘要：I assess the extent to which the gender gap in physician earnings may be driven by physicians' preference for referring to specialists of the same gender. Analyzing administrative data on 100 million Medicare patient referrals, I provide robust evidence that doctors refer more to specialists of their own gender. I show that biased referrals are predominantly driven by physicians' decisions rather than by endogenous sorting of physicians or patients. Because most referring doctors are male, the...
• Crafting Intellectual Property Rights: Implications for Patent Assertion Entities, Litigation, and Innovation AI翻译
  作者：Feng, Josh; Jaravel, Xavier
  作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：We show that examiner-driven variation in patent rights leads to quantitatively large impacts on several patent outcomes, including patent value, citations, and litigation. Notably, Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) overwhelmingly purchase patents granted by lenient examiners. These examiners issue patents that are more likely to be litigated by both PAEs and conventional companies, and that also have higher invalidity rates. PAEs leverage a specific friction in the patent system that stems fro...
• Compliance Behavior in Networks: Evidence from a Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Drago, Francesco; Mengel, Friederike; Traxler, Christian
  作者单位：University of Catania; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Essex; Lund University; Hertie School
  摘要：This paper studies the spread of compliance behavior in neighborhood networks in Austria. We exploit a field experiment that varied the content of mailings sent to potential evaders of TV license fees. The data reveal a strong treatment spillover: untreated households are more likely to switch from evasion to compliance in response to mailings received by their network neighbors. Digging deeper into the properties of the spillover, we find that it is concentrated among close neighbors of the t...