American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• The Impact of Insurance Expansions on the Already Insured: The Affordable Care Act and Medicare AI翻译
  作者：Carey, Colleen M.; Miller, Sarah; Wherry, Laura R.
  作者单位：Cornell University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; New York University
  摘要：Some states have not adopted the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions due to concerns that the expansions may impair access to care and utilization for those who are already insured. We investigate such negative spillovers using a large panel of Medicare beneficiaries. Across many subgroups and outcomes, we find no evidence that the expansions reduced utilization among Medicare beneficiaries and can rule out all but very small changes in utilization or spending. These results indicate...
• The Elasticity of Science AI翻译
  作者：Myers, Kyle
  作者单位：Harvard University
  摘要：This paper identifies the degree to which scientists are willing to change the direction of their work in exchange for resources. Data from the National Institutes of Health are used to estimate how scientists respond to targeted funding opportunities. Inducing a scientist to change their direction by a small amount - to work on marginally different topics - requires a substantial amount of funding in expectation. The switching costs of science are large. The productivity of grants is also est...
• Multilateral Trade Bargaining: A First Look at the GATT Bargaining Records AI翻译
  作者：Bagwell, Kyle; Staiger, Robert W.; Yurukoglu, Ali
  作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; Stanford University
  摘要：This paper empirically examines recently declassified tariff bargaining data from the GATT/WTO. Focusing on the Torquay Round (1950-1951), we document stylized facts about these interconnected high-stakes international negotiations that suggest a lack of strategic behavior among the participating governments and an important multilateral element to the bilateral bargains. We suggest that these features can be understood as emerging from a tariff bargaining forum that emphasizes the GATT pillar...
• The Competitive Effects of Entry: Evidence from Supercenter Expansion AI翻译
  作者：Arcidiacono, Peter; Ellickson, Paul; Mela, Carl Frederick; Singleton, John D.
  作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Rochester; Duke University; University of Rochester
  摘要：Coupling weekly grocery transactions with the exact location and opening date of Walmarts over an 11-year period, we examine how Supercenter entry affects prices and revenues at incumbent supermarkets. We find that entry within 1 mile of an incumbent causes a sharp 16 percent drop in revenue, a competitive effect that decays quickly with distance. Surprisingly, despite large cross-sectional differences in supermarket prices by exposure to Walmart, our findings also indicate that Supercenter en...
• Women's Empowerment in Action: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Africa AI翻译
  作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Buehren, Niklas; Burgess, Robin; Goldstein, Markus; Gulesci, Selim; Rasul, Imran; Sulaiman, Munshi
  作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; The World Bank; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：We evaluate a multifaceted policy intervention attempting to jump-start adolescent women's empowerment in Uganda by simultaneously providing them vocational training and information on sex, reproduction, and marriage. We find that four years post-intervention, adolescent girls in treated communities are more likely to be self-employed. Teen pregnancy, early entry into marriage/cohabitation, and the share of girls reporting sex against their will fall sharply. The results highlight the potentia...
• The Causal Effect of Competition on Prices and Quality: Evidence from a Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Busso, Matias; Galiani, Sebastian
  作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
  摘要：This paper provides experimental evidence on the effect of increased competition on prices and quality in the retail sector. We randomized the entry of 61 firms into 72 markets serving the beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program in the Dominican Republic. Six months after the intervention, entry into the market led to reductions in prices ranging from 2 to 6 percent and to a statistically significant improvement in self-reported service quality. Prices dropped more in areas where ...
• Does Teacher Training Actually Work? Evidence from a Large-Scale Randomized Evaluation of a National Teacher Training Program AI翻译
  作者：Loyalka, Prashant; Popova, Anna; Li, Guirong; Shi, Zhaolei
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Henan University; Stanford University
  摘要：Despite massive investments in teacher professional development (PD) programs in developing countries, there is little evidence on their effectiveness. We present results of a large-scale, randomized evaluation of a national PD program in China in which teachers were randomized to receive PD; PD plus follow-up; PD plus evaluation of the command of PD content; or no PD. Precise estimates indicate PD and associated interventions failed to improve teacher and student outcomes after one year. A de...
• The Local Economic and Welfare Consequences of Hydraulic Fracturing AI翻译
  作者：Bartik, Alexander W.; Currie, Janet; Greenstone, Michael; Knittel, Christopher R.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Exploiting geological variation and timing in the initiation of hydraulic fracturing, we find that fracking leads to sharp increases in oil and gas recovery and improvements in a wide set of economic indicators. There is also evidence of deterioration in local amenities, which may include increases in crime, noise, and traffic and declines in health. Using a Rosen-Roback-style spatial equilibrium model to infer the net welfare impacts, we estimate that willingness-to-pay (WTP) for allowing fra...
• Adverse Selection in ACA Exchange Markets: Evidence from Colorado AI翻译
  作者：Panhans, Matthew
  摘要：This study tests for adverse selection in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health insurance exchanges established in 2014, and quantifies the welfare consequences. Using a new statewide dataset of medical claims from Colorado, I use plausibly exogenous premium variation generated by geographic discontinuities to test for selection. Specifically, each $1 increase in monthly premiums causes a $0.85-0.95 increase in annual medical expenditures of the insured population in 2014, with attenuated effec...
• Does Cheap Talk Affect Market Outcomes? Evidence from eBay AI翻译
  作者：Elfenbein, Daniel W.; Fisman, Raymond; McManus, Brian
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
  摘要：We study cheap talk by firms and responses by their consumers, focusing on unverifiable promises of charitable donations on eBay during 2005-2006. Cheap talk listings have lower sales probabilities but sell at higher prices when successful. The negative relationship between cheap talk and sales is concentrated in the months following Hurricane Katrina, a time when verifiable and unverifiable charity listings increased dramatically. Finally, we show that cheap talk sellers have lower quality ra...