American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes AI翻译
  作者：Dube, Arindrajit
  作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：There is robust evidence that higher minimum wages increase family incomes at the bottom of the distribution. The long-run (3 or more years) minimum wage elasticity of the non-elderly poverty rate with respect to the minimum wage ranges between -0.220 and -0.459 across alternative specifications. The long-run minimum wage elasticities for the tenth and fifteenth unconditional quantiles of family income range between 0.152 and 0.430 depending on specification. A reduction in public assistance p...
• Allocating Scarce Organs: How a Change in Supply Affects Transplant Waiting Lists and Transplant Recipients AI翻译
  作者：Dickert-Conlin, Stacy; Elder, Todd; Teltser, Keith
  作者单位：Michigan State University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
  摘要：Vast organ shortages motivated recent efforts to increase the supply of transplantable organs, but we know little about the demand side of the market. We test the implications of a model of organ demand using the universe of US transplant data from 1987 to 2013. Exploiting variation in supply induced by state-level motorcycle helmet laws, we demonstrate that each organ that becomes available from a deceased donor in a particular region induces five transplant candidates to join that region's t...
• Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes AI翻译
  作者：Autor, David; Figlio, David; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Roth, Jeffrey; Wasserman, Melanie
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Emory University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Boys born to disadvantaged families have higher rates of disciplinary problems, lower achievement scores, and fewer high school completions than girls from comparable backgrounds. Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992-2002, we find that family disadvantage disproportionately impedes the pre-market development of boys. The differential effect of family disadvantage on boys is robust to specifications within schools and neighborhoods as well as acro...
• Regulating Markups in US Health Insurance AI翻译
  作者：Cicala, Steve; Lieber, Ethan M. J.; Marone, Victoria
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Notre Dame; Northwestern University
  摘要：A health insurer's Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) is the share of premiums spent on medical claims, or the inverse markup over average claims cost. The Affordable Care Act introduced minimum MLR provisions for all health insurance sold in fully insured commercial markets, thereby capping insurer profit margins, but not levels. While intended to reduce premiums, we show this rule creates incentives to increase costs. Using variation created by the rule's introduction as a natural experiment, we find ...
• Trade and Income-Exploiting Time Series in Geography AI翻译
  作者：Feyrer, James
  作者单位：Dartmouth College
  摘要：Establishing a robust causal relationship between trade and income has been difficult. Frankel and Romer (1999) uses a geographic instrument to identify a positive effect of trade on income. Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) shows that these results are not robust to controlling for omitted variables such as distance to the equator or institutions. This paper solves the omitted variable problem by generating a time-varying geographic instrument. Improvements in aircraft technology have caused the qu...
• Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data to Better Measure Income: Implications for Poverty, Program Effectiveness, and Holes in the Safety Net AI翻译
  作者：Meyer, Bruce D.; Mittag, Nikolas
  作者单位：University of Chicago; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
  摘要：We examine the consequences of survey underreporting of transfer programs for prototypical analyses of low-income populations. We link administrative data for four transfer programs to the CPS to correct its severe understatement of transfer dollars received. Using survey data sharply understates the income of poor households, distorts our understanding of program targeting, and greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs. Using the combined data, the poverty-reducing effect of al...
• There Is No Free House: Ethnic Patronage in a Kenyan Slum AI翻译
  作者：Marx, Benjamin; Stoker, Thomas M.; Suri, Tavneet
  作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Using unique data from one of Africa's largest informal settlements, the Kibera slum in Nairobi, we provide evidence of ethnic patronage in the determination of rental prices and investments. Slum residents pay higher rents and live in lower quality housing (measured via satellite pictures) when the landlord and the locality chief belong to the same ethnicity. Conversely, rental prices are lower, and investments higher when residents and chiefs are co-ethnics. Our identification relies on the ...
• Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap? The Effect of Plan-Making Prompts on Job Search and Employment AI翻译
  作者：Abel, Martin; Burger, Rulof; Carranza, Eliana; Piraino, Patrizio
  作者单位：Middlebury College; Stellenbosch University; The World Bank; University of Cape Town
  摘要：The paper tests the effects of plan making on job search and employment. In a field experiment with unemployed youths, participants who complete a detailed job search plan increase the number of job applications submitted (by 15 percent) but not the time spent searching, consistent with intention-behavior gaps observed at baseline. Job seekers in the plan-making group diversify their search strategy and use more formal search channels. This greater search efficiency and effectiveness translate...
• Was the First Public Health Campaign Successful? AI翻译
  作者：Anderson, Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Olivares, Claudio Las Heras; Rees, Daniel, I
  作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Central Bank of Chile; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver
  摘要：The US tuberculosis (TB) movement pioneered many of the strategies of modern public health campaigns. Using newly transcribed mortality data at the municipal level for the period 1900-1917, we explore the effectiveness of public health measures championed by the TB movement, including the establishment of sanatoriums and open-air camps, prohibitions on public spitting and common cups, and requirements that local health officials be notified about TB cases. Our results suggest that these and ot...
• Supporting Community College Students from Start to Degree Completion: Long-Term Evidence from a Randomized Trial of CUNY's ASAP AI翻译
  作者：Weiss, Michael J.; Ratledge, Alyssa; Sommo, Colleen; Gupta, Himani
  摘要：Nationwide, graduation rates at community colleges are discouragingly low This randomized experiment provides evidence that graduation rates can be increased dramatically. The City University of New York's (CUNY) Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP) is a comprehensive, integrated, 3-year program that has an estimated 18 percentage point effect on 3-year graduation rates, increases 6-year graduation rates by an estimated 10 percentage points, and helps students graduate more quickly. ...