American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• History Matters: The Long-Term Impact of Colonial Public Investments in French West Africa AI翻译
  作者：Huillery, Elise
  作者单位：Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)
  摘要：To what extent do colonial public investments continue to influence current regional inequalities in French-speaking West Africa? Using a new database and the spatial discontinuities of colonial investment policy, this paper gives evidence that early colonial investments had large and persistent effects on current outcomes. The nature of investments also matters. Current educational outcomes have been More specifically determined by colonial investments in education rather than health and infr...
• In Pursuit of Balance: Randomization in Practice in Development Field Experiments AI翻译
  作者：Bruhn, Miriam; McKenzie, David
  作者单位：The World Bank
  摘要：We present new evidence on the randomization methods used in existing experiments, and new simulations comparing these methods. We find that many papers do not describe the randomization in detail, implying that better reporting is needed. Our simulations suggest that in samples of 300 or more, the different methods perform similarly. However, for very persistent outcome variables, and in smaller samples, pair-wise matching and stratification perform best and appear to dominate the rerandomiza...
• A Biological Model of Unions AI翻译
  作者：Kremer, Michael; Olken, Benjamin A.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：This paper applies principles from evolutionary biology to the study of unions. We show that unions that implement the preferred wage and organizing policies of workers will be displaced in evolutionary competition by unions that either extract less from firms, allowing them to live longer, or spend more on union organizing, or both. This implies that unions with constitutional incumbency advantages that allow leaders to depart from members' preferences may have a selective advantage, allowing...
• Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns AI翻译
  作者：de Mel, Suresh; McKenzie, David; Woodruff, Christopher
  作者单位：University of Peradeniya; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：We report on afield experiment providing random grants to microenterprise owners. The grants generated large profit increases for male owners but not for female owners. We show that the gender gap does not simply mask differences in ability, risk aversion, entrepreneurial attitudes, or differences in reporting behavior, but there is some evidence that the gender gap is larger in female-dominated industries. The data are not consistent with a unitary household model, and imply an inefficiency o...
• To Work or Not to Work? Child Development and Maternal Labor Supply AI翻译
  作者：Frijters, Paul; Johnston, David W.; Shah, Manisha; Shields, Michael A.
  作者单位：University of Melbourne; Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
  摘要：We estimate the effect of early child development on maternal labor force participation. Mothers of poorly developing children may remain at home to care for their children. Alternatively, mothers may enter the labor force to pay for additional educational and health resources. Which action dominates is the empirical question we answer in this paper. We control for the potential endogeneity of child development by using an instrumental variables approach, uniquely exploiting exogenous variatio...
• The Dynamic Effects of Cash Transfers to Agricultural Households AI翻译
  作者：Aggarwal, Shilpa; Aker, Jenny C.; Jeong, Dahyeon; Kumar, Naresh; Park, David Sungho; Robinson, Jonathan; Spearot, Alan
  作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB); Cornell University; The World Bank; KDI School of Public Policy & Management; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
  摘要：Little is known about the evolution and persistence of the effects of one-time cash transfers, especially in rural agricultural settings with limited productive investment opportunities. We use bimonthly phone surveys to estimate dynamic impacts for cash transfer recipients in Liberia and Malawi. We find immediate increases in food security that attenuate over time but do not entirely dissipate even 1.5-2 years later, driven by increased farm investments and production. We find increases in fa...
• The Political Geography of Cities AI翻译
  作者：Bluhm, Richard; Lessmann, Christian; Schaudt, Paul
  作者单位：University of Stuttgart; Leibniz Association; Technische Universitat Dresden; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; KU Leuven
  摘要：We study the link between regional capitals and urban development. We exploit new global data on hundreds of first-order administrative and capital city reforms from 1987 until 2018 to estimate the capital city premium. Gaining capital status increases city growth in the medium term, spilling over to nearby cities. The capital premium varies with the size of the territory governed by the city, and political status complements favorable economic fundamentals. We document two mechanisms: migrati...
• The Long-Term Impacts of Mixing the Rich and Poor: Evidence from Conscript Dorms AI翻译
  作者：Einio, Elias
  作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
  摘要：To what extent is economic success determined by with whom individuals interact socially? We tackle this question by exploiting a large-scale natural experiment in the Finnish conscription. Our research design is based on the alphabetization of dorms, which is shown to induce as good as random variation in peer composition. Dormmates from high-income families have a positive impact on earnings, with the largest effect among individuals from high-income families. For them, a one standard deviat...
• Disadvantaging Rivals: Vertical Integration in the Pharmaceutical Market AI翻译
  作者：Gray, Charles; Alpert, Abby; Sood, Neeraj
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
  摘要：The pharmaceutical market has experienced a wave of vertical integration between pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and insurers in recent years. Using a unique dataset on insurer-PBM contracts, we document increasing vertical integration in Medicare Part D. Next, we evaluate the effects of a large insurer-PBM merger in 2015, assessing the trade-offs of vertical integration-harms to competition on the one hand and improved efficiency on the other. We find premium increases for rival insurers pos...
• Rising Concentration of Household Shopping, Superstar Firms, and Implications for Retail Markups AI翻译
  作者：Leung, Justin H.; Li, Zhonglin
  作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; National University of Singapore
  摘要：This paper documents an increase in the concentration of household shopping in the United States retail sector from 2004 to 2019. Despite a growing number of stores, households visit fewer stores, do more one-stop shopping, and increasingly shop at different retailers from each other. We find that the increasing availability of superstar retailers, the rise in product variety within stores, and the rise of online shopping contribute to these trends. We explore how these trends are linked with ...