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作者：Timm, Lisa Marie; Giuliodori, Massimo; Muller, Paul
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We examine how income taxes affect international mobility and wages. We study a Dutch preferential tax scheme for migrants, which introduced an income threshold for eligibility in 2012. The threshold is low relative to similar schemes in other countries, thereby offering eligibility to migrants with mid-level earnings. We find migration more than doubles closely above the income threshold, while migration below the threshold remains unchanged. These effects appear to be driven by additional mi...
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作者：Rivera, Roman
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：Increasing underrepresented groups' representation in police departments is a common proposal to reduce aggressive policing. This paper documents the effects of peer composition in the Chicago police academy on officers' future arrests by exploiting the lottery system, which provides exogenous variation in cohort composition. I find that higher shares of peers from groups that police less aggressively, such as female and older officers, reduce all officers' future low-level arrests. Peer race ...
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作者：Schneider-strawczynski, Sarah; Valette, Jerome
摘要：This paper investigates the effect of media coverage on immigration attitudes. It combines data on immigration coverage in French television with individual panel data from 2013 to 2017 that records respondents'preferred television channel and attitudes toward immigration. The analysis focuses on within-individual variations over time, addressing ideological self-selection into channels. We find that increased coverage of immigration polarizes attitudes, with initially moderate individuals bec...
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作者：Harju, Jarkko; Jager, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin
作者单位：Tampere University; Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the effects of worker voice on productivity, job quality, and separations. We study the 1991 introduction of a right to worker representation on boards or advisory councils in Finnish firms with at least 150 employees, designed to facilitate workforce-management communication. Consistent with information-sharing theories, our difference-in-differences design reveals that worker voice raised labor productivity. In contrast to exit-voice theory, we find no effects on voluntary job se...
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作者：Card, David; Rothstein, Jesse; Yi, Moises
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use linked employer-employee data to study the causal effects of location on earnings in the United States. We estimate a model with employer and employee effects, then aggregate to the commuting zone ( CZ ) level. Sorting across firms biases traditional movers designs. Our model accurately predicts earnings changes for CZ movers after accounting for firm sorting. Worker skills explain half of observed earnings differences across CZs; observable characteristics understate this. Industry com...
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作者：Stephens, Melvin, Jr.; Toohey, Desmond
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
摘要：Prior research finds food expenditure decreases at retirement, which suggests households are inadequately saving. In contrast, other evidence shows that direct measures of food intake are unaffected by exiting the labor force. Using a wide array of data sources and methodologies, we find that food intake falls at retirement, including: declines in caloric and nutrient intake in cross-sectional datasets spanning 40 years, a decrease in caloric intake using longitudinal data, and a drop in a foo...
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作者：Jaevervall, Sebastian; Khoban, Roza
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); University of Zurich
摘要：Political distortions are prevalent in many developing countries, implying substantial productivity losses. This paper investigates the impact of trade liberalization on political distortions in India. First, using variation in political turnover, we identify that politicians distort resources in favor of politically connected firms. Second, we show that reduced tariffs on input goods significantly decrease the distortionary effect of political connections, as trade reduces firms' dependence o...
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作者：Persson, Petra; Qiu, Xinyao; Rossin-Slater, Maya
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stanford University; Stanford University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：The health care system uses patient family medical history in many settings, and this practice is widely believed to improve the efficiency of health care allocation. This paper provides a counterpoint by documenting that reliance on hereditary information can amplify the misallocation of low-value care. We study Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and show that reliance on family medical history generates a snowball effect-the propagation of an original marginal diagnosis to a patient's ...
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作者：Cunningham, Jamein; Goodman-bacon, Andrew
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：This paper evaluates the effects of the War on Poverty's legal services program ( LSP ) , which provided subsidized legal assistance to poor communities, focusing on divorce and welfare access. We use a difference-in-difference ( DiD ) research design based on the program's rollout from 1965 to 1975. We find temporary increases in the rate of new divorces and persistent increases in welfare participation, consistent with LSP activities. We find increases in nonmarital birth rates that stem fro...
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作者：Johnston, Andrew C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：I examine teacher preferences using a discrete-choice experiment linked to data on teacher effectiveness. I estimate willingness to pay for a rich set of compensation elements and working conditions. Highly effective teachers usually have the same preferences as their peers, but they have stronger preferences for performance pay. I use the preference estimates to investigate the optimal compensation structure for three key objectives: maximizing teacher utility, maximizing teacher retention, a...
