American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• Health Care Spending and Utilization in Public and Private Medicare AI翻译
  作者：Curto, Vilsa; Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Levin, Jonathan; Bhattacharya, Jay
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：We compare health care spending in public and private Medicare using newly available claims data from Medicare Advantage (MA) insurers. MA insurer revenues are 30 percent higher than their health care spending. Adjusting for enrollee mix, health care spending per enrollee in MA is 9 to 30 percent lower than in Traditional Medicare (TM), depending on the way we define comparable enrollees. Spending differences primarily reflect differences in health care utilization, with similar reductions for...
• Changes in Workplace Heterogeneity and How They Widen the Gender Wage Gap AI翻译
  作者：Bruns, Benjamin
  作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
  摘要：Using linked employer-employee data for West Germany, I investigate the role of growing wage differentials between firms in the slowdown of gender wage convergence since the 1990s. The results show that two factors are at play: first, high-wage firms experience higher wage growth and employ disproportionately more men, and second, male firm premiums grow faster than female premiums in the same firms. These developments were catalyzed by a decline of union coverage, coupled with more firm-speci...
• Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Industrial Towns in China AI翻译
  作者：He, Jiaxiu; Liu, Haoming; Salvo, Alberto
  作者单位：National University of Singapore; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
  摘要：We examine day-to-day fluctuations in worker-level output at two manufacturing sites in China. Ambient fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution is severe but significantly variable, largely due to exogenous atmospheric ventilation. We obtain an insignificant immediate output response from concurrent (same-shift) variation in particle pollution. We then allow worker outcomes to respond to day-to-day variation in pollution with up to 30 days of delay. We uncover statistically significant adverse output e...
• Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from the Lab and the Dutch Math Olympiad AI翻译
  作者：Buser, Thomas; Yuan, Huaiping
  作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
  摘要：We use lab experiments and field data from the Dutch Math Olympiad to show that women are more likely than men to stop competing if they lose. In a math competition in the lab, women are much less likely than men to choose competition again after losing in the first round. In the Math Olympiad, girls, but not boys, who fail to make the second round are less likely to compete again one year later. This gender difference in the reaction to competition outcomes may help to explain why fewer women...
• Financial Incentives as Signals: Experimental Evidence from the Recruitment of Village Promoters in Uganda AI翻译
  作者：Deserranno, Erika
  作者单位：Northwestern University
  摘要：I study the role of financial incentives as signals of job characteristics when these are unknown to potential applicants. To this end, I create experimental variation in expected earnings and use that to estimate the effect of financial incentives on candidates' perception of a brand-new health-promoter position in Uganda and on the resulting size and composition of the applicant pool. I find that more lucrative positions are perceived as entailing a lower positive externality for the communi...
• Early Childhood Education by Television: Lessons from Sesame Street AI翻译
  作者：Kearney, Melissa S.; Levine, Phillip B.
  作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Wellesley College
  摘要：We investigate whether preschool-age children exposed to Sesame Street when it aired in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological factors, namely UHF versus VHF transmission. This variation is then related to census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school performance, particularly for boys. The ...
• High Trade Costs and Their Consequences: An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade AI翻译
  作者：Porteous, Obie
  作者单位：Middlebury College
  摘要：Using a new intranational dataset of monthly grain prices and production and a new approach to identify cost parameters, I estimate and solve a dynamic model of agricultural storage and trade covering all 42 countries of continental sub-Saharan Africa. I find median trade costs over five times higher than elsewhere in the world. The potential welfare gains from reducing these costs are substantial, are driven by lower food prices, and can be achieved efficiently by investing in well-targeted t...
• Property Rights and Gender Bias: Evidence from Land Reform in West Bengal AI翻译
  作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Chakravarty, Abhishek; Mookherjee, Dilip; Pino, Francisco J.
  作者单位：University of Essex; University of Manchester; Boston University; Universidad de Chile
  摘要：We examine intra-household gender-differentiated effects of property rights securitisation following West Bengal's tenancy registration program, using two independently gathered datasets. In both samples, higher program implementation increased male child survival rates in families without a firstborn son, but not in those that already have a firstborn male child. We argue this reflects intensified son preference as land rights improve, ostensibly to ensure a male heir to inherit land. Consist...
• Are Credit Markets Still Local? Evidence from Bank Branch Closings AI翻译
  作者：Nguyen, Hoai-Luu Q.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：This paper studies whether distance shapes credit allocation by estimating the impact of bank branch closings during the 2000s on local access to credit. To generate plausibly exogenous variation in the incidence of closings, I use an instrument based on within-county, tract-level variation in exposure to post-merger branch consolidation. Closings lead to a persistent decline in local small business lending. Annual originations fall by $453,000 after a closing, off a baseline of $4.7 million, ...
• Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases AI翻译
  作者：Heyes, Anthony; Saberian, Soodeh
  作者单位：University of Ottawa
  摘要：We analyze the impact of outdoor temperature on high-stakes decisions (immigration adjudications) made by professional decision-makers (US immigration judges). In our preferred specification, which includes spatial, temporal, and judge fixed effects, and controls for various potential confounders, a 10 degrees F degree increase in case-day temperature reduces decisions favorable to the applicant by 6.55 percent. This is despite judgements being made indoors, protected by climate control. Resul...