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作者：Atalay, Enghin; Phongthiengtham, Phai; Sotelo, Sebastian; Tannenbaum, Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：Using the text from job ads, we introduce a new' dataset to describe the evolution of work from 1950 to 2000. We show that the transformation of the US labor market away from routine cognitive and manual tasks and toward nonroutine interactive and analytic tasks has been larger than prior research has found, with a substantial fraction of total changes occurring within narrowly defined job titles. We provide narrative and systematic evidence on changes in task content within job titles and on ...
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作者：Jack, TKelsey; Smith, Grant
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Cape Town
摘要：Monthly bills for services such as electricity often go unpaid in developing countries. Prepaid meters offer a potential technological solution. In Cape Town, South Africa, over 4,000 residential customers on monthly billing were switched to prepaid metering, with random variation in the timing of the switch. In response, electricity use falls by 14 percent, driven at least in part by an increase in marginal price sensitivity. The decrease in revenue to the municipal electric utility is more t...
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作者：Mast, Evan
作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
摘要：I analyze how competition between localities affects tax breaks and business location decisions. I first use a geographic instrument to show that spatial competition substantially increases firm-specific property tax breaks. I then use this pattern to estimate a model of localities competing for mobile firms by offering tax exemptions. In counterfactual exercises, restricting which levels of government can offer tax breaks has little effect on equilibrium business locations but lowers total ex...
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作者：Fiagenberg, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of the US-Mexico border fence on US-Mexico migration by exploiting variation in the timing and location of US government investment in fence construction. Using Mexican survey data and data I collected on fence construction, I find that construction in a municipality reduces migration by 27 percent for municipality residents and 15 percent for residents of adjacent municipalities. In addition, construction reduces migration by up to 35 percent from non-border mu...
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作者：Sekhri, Sheetal
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：This paper provides evidence that graduates of elite public institutions in India have an earnings advantage in the labor market even though attending these colleges has no discernible effect on academic outcomes. Admission to the elite public colleges is based on the scores obtained in the Senior Secondary School Examinations. I exploit this feature in a regression discontinuity design. Using administrative data on admission and college test scores and an in-depth survey, I find that the sala...
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作者：Deutscher, Nathan
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：I use variation in the age at which children move to show that where an Australian child grows up has a causal effect on their adult income, education, marriage, and fertility. In doing so, I replicate the findings of Chetty and Hendren (2018a) in a country with less inequality, more social mobility, and different institutions. Across all outcomes, place typically matters most during the teenage years. Finally, I provide suggestive evidence of peer effects using cross-cohort variation in the p...
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作者：Ganguli, Ina; Lin, Jeffrey; Reynolds, Nicholas
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：We show evidence of localized knowledge spillovers using a new database of US patent interferences terminated between 1998 and 2014. Interferences resulted wizen two or more independent parties submitted identical claims of invention nearly simultaneously. Following the idea that inventors of identical inventions share common knowledge inputs, interferences provide a new method for measuring knowledge spillovers. Interfering inventors are 1.4 to 4.0 times more likely to live in the same local ...
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作者：Girardi, Daniele
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of partisan electoral victories on stock and bond markets. We employ a regression-discontinuity-based event study in a sample of 758 worldwide post-1945 national elections, using existing data on parliamentary elections and newly collected data on presidential elections. Left-wing electoral victories cause significant and substantial short-term decreases in stock market valuations, while the response of sovereign bond markets is mostly muted. Stock market effect...
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作者：Mahajan, Parag; Yang, Dean
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Do negative shocks in origin countries encourage or inhibit international migration? What roles do networks play in modifying out-migration responses? The answers to these questions are not theoretically obvious, and past empirical findings are equivocal. We examine the impact of hurricanes on a quarter century of international migration to the United States. Hurricanes increase migration to the United States, with the effect's magnitude increasing in the size of prior migrant stocks. We provi...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Onorato, Massimiliano Gaetano; Sobbrio, Francesco; Tabellini, Guido
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Bologna; Luiss Guido Carli University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We analyze the role of the media in coordinating and mobilizing insurgency against an authoritarian regime, in the context of the Nazi fascist occupation of Italy during WWII. We,study the effect of BBC radio on the intensity of internal resistance. By exploiting variations in monthly sunspot activity that affect the sky-wave propagation of BBC broadcasting toward Italy, we show that BBC radio had a strong impact on political violence. We provide further evidence to document that BBC radio pla...
