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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates...
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作者：Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel, I
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Using data on 25 major American cities for the period -1900-1940, we explore the effects of -municipal-level public health efforts that were viewed as critical in the fight against foodborne and -waterborne -diseases. In addition to studying interventions such as treating sewage and setting bacteriological standards for milk, which have received little attention, we provide new evidence on the effects of water -filtration and chlorination, extending the work of previous -scholars. Although wat...
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作者：Spamann, Holger
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Heyes and Saberian ( 2019b) estimate from 2000-2004 data that outdoor temperature reduces US immigration judges' propensity to grant asylum. This estimate is the result of coding and data errors and of sample selection. Correcting the errors reduces the point estimate by two-thirds, with a wide 95 percent confidence interval straddling zero. Enlarging the sample to 1990-2019 flips the point estimate's sign and rules out the effect size reported by Heyes and Saberian with very high confidence. ...
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作者：Genakos, Christos; Pagliero, Mario
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin
摘要：We measure how pass-through varies with competition in isolated oligopolistic markets with captive consumers. Using daily pricing data from gas stations on small Greek islands, we study how unantic-ipated and exogenous changes in excise duties are passed through to consumers in markets with different numbers of retailers. We find that pass-through increases from 0.4 in monopoly markets to 1 in markets with four or more competitors and remains constant thereafter. The speed of price adjustment ...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Eide, Eric R.; Mumford, Kevin J.; Patterson, Richard W.; Warnick, Merrill
作者单位：Brigham Young University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Stanford University
摘要：We document that college completion rates have increased since the 1990s, after declining in the 1970s and 1980s. We find that most of the increase in graduation rates can be explained by grade inflation and that other factors, such as changing student characteristics and institutional resources, play little or no role. This is because GPA strongly predicts graduation, and GPAs have been rising since the 1990s. This finding holds in national survey data and in records from nine large public un...
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作者：Lusher, Lester; Schnorr, Geoffrey C.; Taylor, Rebecca L. C.
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Sydney
摘要：We provide causal evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect of unemployment insurance (UI) by matching plausibly exogenous changes in UI benefit duration across state-weeks during the Great Recession to high-frequency productivity measures from individual supermarket cashiers. Estimating models with date and cashier-register fixed effects, we identify a modest but statistically significant negative relationship between UI benefits and worker productivity. This effect is strongest for more exp...
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作者：Guvenen, Fatih; Kaplan, Greg; Song, Jae; Weidner, Justin
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Deutsche Bank
摘要：Between the 1957 and 1983 labor market entry cohorts, median life-time earnings declined by 10-19 percent for men and increased by 22-33 percent for women, albeit relative to very low median life-time earnings for the early cohorts. The difference between newer and older cohorts comes from differences in median earnings at the time of labor market entry. Inequality in lifetime earnings has increased significantly within each gender group, but the closing life-time gender gap has kept overall l...
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作者：Heyes, Anthony; Saberian, Soodeh
作者单位：University of Ottawa; University of Exeter; University of Manitoba
摘要：This paper evidenced the sensitivity of US immigration judge decisions to temperature in the city of arbitration on the date of a case's completion. This note serves to correct errors noted since publication. The results from both the main linear specifications are qualitatively unchanged, with estimated treatment effects similar in size to the original and retaining statistical significance at conventional levels. Some secondary results lose significance with the erosion of sample size. We al...
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作者：Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel, I
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：This rejoinder is written in response to the comment by Cutler and Miller (hereafter CM) on our paper, Reexamining the Contribution of Public Health Efforts to the Decline in Urban Mortality (Anderson, Charles, and Rees 2022a). In their comment, CM acknowledge making unambiguous data transcription errors when constructing the infant mortality rates,(1) assess the sensitivity of their filtration estimates to alternative intervention dates, and defend the population denominators they used to con...
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作者：Gendron-Carrier, Nicolas; Gonzalez-Navarro, Marco; Polloni, Stefano; Turner, Matthew A.
作者单位：McGill University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the effect of subway system openings on urban air pollution. On average, particulate concentrations are unchanged by subway openings. For cities with higher initial pollution levels, subway openings reduce particulates by 4 percent in the area sur-rounding a city center. The effect decays with distance to city center and persists over the longest time horizon that we can measure with our data, about four years. For highly polluted cities, we estimate that a new subway system pro...
