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作者：Casaburi, Lorenzo; Reed, Tristan
作者单位：University of Zurich; The World Bank
摘要：Interference across competing firms in RCTs can be informative about market structure. An experiment that subsidizes a random subthis idea. Interpreting treatment-control differences in prices and quantities purchased from farmers through a model of Cournot competition reveals differentiation between traders is low. Combining this result with quasi-experimental variation in world prices shows that the number of traders competing is 50 percent higher than the number operating in a village. Own-...
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作者：Iizuka, Toshiaki; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo
摘要：Do consumers react differently to zero prices? We test the presence of a zero-price effect in child health care and find that a zero price is special as it boosts demand discontinuously. A zero price affects resource allocations by encouraging healthier children to use more services and exacerbates behavioral hazard by increasing inappropri-ate use of antibiotics. A co-payment, of as small as US$2 per visit, alle-viates these problems without substantially increasing financial risk. However, a...
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作者：Artmann, Elisabeth; Oosterbeek, Hessel; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：To assess the importance of unequal access to medical expertise and services, we estimate the causal effects of having a child who is a doctor on parents' mortality and health care use. We use data from parents of almost 22,000 participants in admission lotteries to medical school in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that informal access to medical expertise and services is not an important cause of differences in health care use and mortality.
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作者：Bailey, Michael; Johnston, Drew; Kuchler, Theresa; Stroebel, Johannes; Wong, Arlene
作者单位：Facebook Inc; Harvard University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Princeton University
摘要：We use de-identified data from Facebook to study the nature of peer effects in the market for cell phones. To identify peer effects, we exploit variation in friends' new phone acquisitions resulting from random phone losses. A new phone purchase by a friend has a large and persistent effect on an individual's own demand for phones of the same brand. While peer effects increase the overall demand for phones, a friend's purchase of a particular phone brand can reduce an individual's own demand f...
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作者：Altindag, Onur; Erten, Bilge; Keskin, Pinar
作者单位：Bentley University; Northeastern University; Wellesley College
摘要：Using a strict, age-specific lockdown order for adults aged 65 and older in Turkey, we examine the mental health consequences of an extended period of tight mobility restrictions on senior adults. Adopting a regression discontinuity design, we find that the curfew-induced decline in mobility substantially worsened mental health outcomes, including somatic and nonsomatic symptoms of mental distress (approximately 0.2 standard deviation). Exploring potential channels, we document an increase in ...
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作者：Leive, Adam
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：To lower health care costs, Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) offer tax incentives encouraging people to trade off current consumption against future consumption. This paper tests whether consumers use HSAs as self-insurance over the life cycle. Using administrative data from a large employer and a regression discontinuity design, I estimate the marginal propensity to consume from HSA assets is 0.85 and reject the neoclassical benchmark of 0. Comparisons with 401(k) saving show most employees do ...
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作者：Mayda, Anna Maria; Peri, Giovanni; Steingress, Walter
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：This paper studies the impact of immigration to the United States on the vote share for the Republican Party using county-level data from 1990 to 2016. Our main contribution is to show that an increase in high-skilled immigrants decreases the share of Republican votes, while an inflow of low-skilled immigrants increases it. These effects are mainly due to the indirect impact on existing citizens' votes, and this is independent of the origin country and race of immigrants. We find that the poli...
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作者：Arnold, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies the case of Brazil, which implemented a large privatization program in the 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent workers in privatized SOEs suffer a wage decline of roughly 25 percent relative to a matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that are connected to privatized SOEs by labor mobility also reduce wages. A sum...
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作者：Chen, Yiqun; Persson, Petra; Polyakova, Maria
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Stanford University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：In the context of Sweden, we show that having a doctor in the family raises preventive health investments throughout the life cycle, improves physical health, and prolongs life. Two quasi-experimental research designs-medical school admission lotteries and variation in the timing of medical degrees-support a causal interpretation of these effects. A hypothetical policy that would bring the same health behavior changes and benefits to all Swedes would close 18 percent of the mortality-income gr...
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作者：Avis, Eric; Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico; Varjao, Carlos
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of British Columbia; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Amazon.com
摘要：This paper studies the effects of campaign spending limits on the political entry, selection, and behavior of local politicians in Brazil. We analyze a reform that limits campaign spending for mayoral elections. The limits were implemented with a discontinuity that we exploit for causal identification. We find that stricter limits reduce reelection rates and increase political competition by attracting more candidates who are also less wealthy and rely less on self-financing. Despite their eff...
