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作者：Akesaka, Mika; Eibich, Peter; Hanaoka, Chie; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
作者单位：Kobe University; Max Planck Society; Toyo University; University of Tokyo; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The poor live paycheck to paycheck and are repeatedly exposed to strong cyclical income fluctuations. We investigate whether such income fluctuations affect their risk preference. If risk preference temporarily changes around payday, optimal decisions made before payday may no longer be optimal afterward, which could reinforce poverty. By exploiting social security payday cycles in the United States, we find that the poor relying heavily on social security become more risk tolerant before payd...
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作者：Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：Bocconi University; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Emigration of young, highly educated individuals may deprive ori-gin countries of entrepreneurs. We identify exogenous variation in emigration from Italy by interacting past diaspora networks and current economic pull factors in destination countries. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in the emigration rate generates a 4.8 percent decline in firms' creation in the local labor market of origin. An accounting exercise decomposes the estimated effect into four components: subtraction o...
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作者：Chakravorty, U. J. J. A. Y. A. N. T.; Dar, Manzoor h.; Emerick, K. Y. L. E.
作者单位：Tufts University; CGIAR; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics (ICRISAT); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Farmers often buy water using fixed fees-rather than with marginal prices. We use two randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh to study the relationship between marginal prices, adoption of a water-saving technology, and water usage. Our first experiment shows that the technology only saves water when farmers face marginal prices. Our second experiment finds that an encouragement to voluntarily convert to hourly pumping charges does not save water. Taken together, efforts to conserve water w...
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作者：Goldberg, J. E. S. S. I. C. A.; Macis, M. A. R. I. O.; Chintagunta, P. R. A. D. E. E. P.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Johns Hopkins University; University of Chicago
摘要：We study whether and how peer referrals increase screening, testing, and identification of patients with tuberculosis, an infectious disease responsible for over one million deaths annually. In an experiment with 3,176 patients at 122 tuberculosis treatment centers in India, we find that small financial incentives raise the probability that existing patients refer prospective patients for screening and testing, result-ing in cost-effective identification of new cases. Incentivized referrals op...
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作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Dominguez, Patricio; Undurraga, Raimundo
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universidad de Chile
摘要：This paper studies the effects of immigration on crime and crime per-ceptions in Chile, where the foreign-born population tripled in less than ten years. We document null effects of immigration on crime but positive and significant effects on crime-related concerns and on pre-ventive behavioral responses, such as investing in home security. We explore several channels and provide suggestive evidence related to low-versus high-education immigrants, ethnicity-related intergroup threats, and the ...
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作者：Brooks, Leah; Liscow, Zachary
作者单位：George Washington University; Yale University
摘要：Despite infrastructure's importance to the US economy, evidence on its cost trajectory over time is sparse. We document real spending per new mile over the history of the Interstate Highway System. We find that spending per mile increased more than threefold from the 1960s to the 1980s. This increase persists even conditional on pre-exist-ing observable geographic cost determinants. We then provide sug-gestive evidence on why. Input prices explain little of the increase. Statistically, changes...
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作者：Samek, Anya; Longfield, Chuck
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Cambridge
摘要：Calling to thank donors is considered a key fundraising strategy in the charitable giving industry. Yet the effectiveness of thank-you calls remains untested. We conduct field experiments with public television stations and a national nonprofit in which 500,000 new donors were randomized to receive a thank-you call or not. Fundraising professionals predicted that the calls-which followed standard practices in the industry-would increase donor retention by 80 percent. In stark contrast, we foun...
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作者：Lafortune, Jeanne; Low, Corinne
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Marriage rates have become increasingly stratified by homeown-ership. We investigate this in a household model where invest-ments in public goods reduce future earnings and, thus, divorce risk creates inefficiencies. Access to a joint savings technology, like a house, collateralizes marriage, providing insurance to the low-er-earning partner and increasing specialization, public goods, and value from marriage. We use idiosyncratic variation in hous-ing prices to show that homeownership access ...
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作者：LE Barbanchon, Thomas; Ubfal, Diego; Araya, Federico
作者单位：Bocconi University; The World Bank
摘要：Does working while in school smooth students' transition into the labor market? We provide evidence on this question by leveraging a one-year work-study program that randomized job offers among over 90,000 student applicants in Uruguay. Program rules forbade employers from employing participants in the same job after program completion, and less than 5 percent of participants ever worked in the same firm again. Two years after the program, participants had 8 percent higher earnings. Our result...
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作者：Johnson, Matthew S.; Levine, David I.; Toffel, Michael W.
作者单位：Duke University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University
摘要：We study how a regulator can best target inspections. Our case study is a US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) pro-gram that randomly allocated some inspections. On average, each inspection led to 2.4 (9 percent) fewer serious injuries over the next 5 years. Using new machine learning methods, we find that OSHA could have averted as much as twice as many injuries by targeting inspections to workplaces with the highest expected averted injuries and nearly as many by targeting...
