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作者：Barrios-Fernandez, Andres
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：This paper combines detailed geographic information and individual educational records in Chile to provide causal evidence that close neighbors significantly influence enrollment in university. I exploit the quasi-random variation generated by student loans eligibility rules and find that potential applicants are significantly more likely to attend and complete university when their closest neighbor-defined as the closest individual applying to university one year before-becomes eligible for a...
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作者：Berman, Yonatan
作者单位：University of London; King's College London
摘要：This paper combines cross-sectional and longitudinal income data to present the evolution of absolute intergenerational income mobility in ten advanced economies in the twentieth century. Absolute mobility decreased during the second half of the twentieth century in all of these countries. Increasing income inequality and decreasing growth rates have both contributed to the decrease, yet growth is the dominant contributor in most countries. We show that detailed panel data are effectively unne...
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作者：Collins, William J.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Stellenbosch University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We document the intergenerational mobility of Black and White American men from 1880 through 2000 by building new historical datasets for the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and combining them with modern data to cover the middle and late twentieth century. We find large disparities in mobility, with White children having far better chances of escaping the bottom of the distribution than Black children in every generation. This mobility gap was more important in proximately determi...
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作者：Akerman, Anders; Leuven, Edwin; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how the adoption of information communication technology affects bilateral trade. The context is a public program in Norway that rolled out broadband access points leading to plausibly exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband by firms. We find that broadband makes trade patterns more sensitive to distance and economic size. These results are consistent with a model of trade with variable elasticity of demand. The model predicts that adoption of a technology ...
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作者：Wissmann, Daniel
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Using the staggered introduction of smoking bans in the German hospitality industry over 2007-2008, I find a robust 2.4 percent decline in the daily earnings of workers in bars and restaurants associated with the most comprehensive smoking ban. This effect is unlikely to be driven by a decline in hospitality revenues or hours worked but is consistent with a simple model of compensating differentials.
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作者：Blanchet, Thomas; Chancel, Lucas; Gethin, Amory
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Paris School of Economics; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Paris School of Economics
摘要：This article combines all available data to produce pretax and post -tax income inequality series in 26 European countries from 1980 to 2017. Our estimates are consistent with macroeconomic growth and comparable with US distributional national accounts. Inequality grew in nearly all European countries, but much less than in the US. Contrary to a widespread view, we demonstrate that Europe's lower inequality levels cannot be explained by more equalizing tax and transfer systems. After accountin...
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作者：Carter, Susan Payne; Liu, Kuan; Skiba, Paige Marta; Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Vanderbilt University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We examine the effect of state laws on minimum payday loan dura-tions that give some borrowers an additional pay cycle to repay their initial loan with no other changes to contract terms. Neoclassical models predict this grace period would reduce borrowers' need for costly loan rollovers. However, in reality, borrowers' repayment behavior with grace periods is very similar to borrowers with shorter loans, merely pushed out a few weeks. Potential explanations include heuristic repayment decisio...
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作者：Feigenbaum, James; Lee, James; Mezzanotti, Filippo
作者单位：Boston University; Northwestern University
摘要：Using General Sherman's March through Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina during the Civil War, we study the effect of capital destruction on medium-and long-run local economic activ-ity, and the role of financial markets in recovery. We show that the march's capital destruction led to a large contraction in agricul-tural investment, farming asset prices, and manufacturing activ-ity compared to neighboring counties. Elements of the decline in agriculture persisted through 1920. Exploit...
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作者：Novosad, Paul; Rafkin, Charlie; Asher, Sam
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Imperial College London
摘要：Measurements of mortality change among less educated Americans can be biased because the least educated groups (e.g., dropouts) become smaller and more negatively selected over time. We show that mortality changes at constant education percentiles can be bounded with minimal assumptions. Middle-age mortality increases among non-Hispanic Whites from 1992 to 2018 are driven almost entirely by the bottom 10 percent of the education distribution. Drivers of mor-tality change differ substantially a...
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作者：Gross, Max; Baron, E. Jason
作者单位：Mathematica; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Six percent of children in the United States enter foster care by age 18. We estimate the effects of foster care on children's outcomes by exploiting the quasi-random assignment of child welfare investigators in Michigan. We find that foster care improved children's safety and educational outcomes. Gains emerged after children exited the foster system when most were reunified with their birth parents, suggesting that improvements made by their parents were an important mechanism. These results...
