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作者：Andersen, Asger Lau; Jensen, Amalie Sofie; Johannesen, Niels; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Leth-Petersen, Soren; Sheridan, Adam
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：How much and through which channels do households self-insure against job loss? Combining data from a large bank and from gov-ernment sources, we quantify a broad range of responses to job loss in a unified empirical framework. Cumulated over a two-year period, households reduce spending by 30 percent of their income loss. They mainly self-insure through adjustments of liquid balances, which account for 50 percent of the income loss. Other channels -spousal labor supply, private transfers, hom...
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作者：Zussman, Asaf
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Can the extent of ethnic discrimination change quickly, and what circumstances and mechanisms make such changes possible? I address these questions by using scraped data to study the daily evolution of customer discrimination against Arab doctors in Israel from January 2020 to June 2021. Results show that: (1) the outbreak of the coronavirus crisis in March 2020 led to a dramatic decline in discrimination; (2) the eruption of a wave of ethnic riots in May 2021 had the opposite effect; (3) medi...
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作者：Rozema, Kyle; Schanzenbach, Max
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Northwestern University
摘要：Reformers are calling for greater oversight of police behavior, in part through enhanced use of civilian complaints. However, oth-ers counter that greater oversight could chill effective policing. We assess police officer response to administrative determinations of misconduct. Using Chicago data, we find strong evidence that a sus-tained allegation reduces that officer's future misconduct. We find no evidence that this effect is driven by incapacitation, such as assign-ment to desk duty, or b...
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作者：Lawler, Emily C.; Yewell, Katherine G.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：We study the effects of state hospital regulations intended to increase breastfeeding by requiring certain standards of care during the immediate postpartum hospital stay. We find that these regulations significantly increased breastfeeding initiation by 3.8 percentage points (5.1 percent) and the probability of breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months postpartum by approximately 7 percent. We also provide evidence that these breastfeeding-promoting policies significantly increased maternal time spent ...
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作者：Calkins, Avery; Binder, Ariel J.; Shaat, Dana; Timpe, Brenden
作者单位：RAND Corporation; American Institutes for Research; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：We leverage variation in the adoption of coeducation by US women's colleges to study how exposure to a mixed-gender collegiate environ-ment affects women's human capital investments. Our event-study analyses of newly collected historical data find a 3.0-3.5 percentage point (30-33 percent) decline in the share of women majoring in STEM fields. While coeducation caused a large influx of male peers and a modest increase in male faculty, we find no evidence that it altered the composition of the ...
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作者：Brock, J. Michelle; De Haas, Ralph
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; KU Leuven
摘要：We implement a lab-in-the-field experiment with 334 Turkish loan officers to document gender discrimination in small business lend-ing and unpack mechanisms. Officers review multiple real-life loan applications in which we randomize applicant gender. While uncon-ditional approval rates are the same, officers are 26 percent more likely to require a guarantor when we present the same application as coming from a female instead of a male entrepreneur. A causal forest algorithm to estimate heterog...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; Galletta, Sergio
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper shows that partisan cable news broadcasts have a causal effect on the size and composition of budgets in US localities. Using exogenous channel positioning as an instrument for viewership, we show that exposure to the conservative Fox News channel reduces revenues and expenditures. Multiple mechanisms drive these results: Fox News improves election chances for local Republicans, alters politician campaign agendas, and shifts voter policy preferences on fiscal issues. Consistent with...
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作者：Brueckner, Jan K.; Kahn, Matthew E.; Lin, Gary C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Southern California
摘要：This paper studies the impacts of work from home (WFH) in the housing market from both intercity and intracity perspectives. Our results confirm the theoretical prediction that WFH puts down-ward pressure on housing prices and rents in high-productivity counties, a result of workers starting to relocate to cheaper metro areas during the pandemic without forsaking their desirable jobs. We also show that WFH tends to flatten intracity house-price gradi-ents, weakening the price premium associate...
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作者：Chin, Moya
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Electoral rules determine how voters' preferences are aggregated and translated into political representation. Using a regression discontinuity design, I contrast single- and two- round elections in Brazil. In two- round elections, the eventual winner must obtain at least 50 percent of the vote. I show that two- round elections provide incentives for candidates to secure a broader base of support and provide public goods more broadly. Candidates represent a more geographically diverse group of...
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作者：Caldwell, Sydnee; Nelson, Scott; Waldinger, Daniel; Kuziemko, Ilyana
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Chicago; New York University
摘要：Transfers paid through annual tax refunds are a large but uncer-tain source of income for poor households. We document that low-income tax filers have substantial subjective uncertainty about these refunds. We investigate the determinants and consequences of refund uncertainty by linking survey, tax, and credit bureau data. On average, filers' expectations track realized refunds. More uncer-tain filers have larger differences between expected and realized refunds. Filers borrow in anticipation...
