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作者：Baylis, P. A. T. R. I. C. K.; Boomhower, J. U. D. S. O. N.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This study measures the degree to which public expenditures on wildfire protection subsidize development in harm's way. We use administrative data on firefighting expenditures to measure the causal effect of nearby homes on the amount spent to extinguish wildfires. We use these estimates in an actuarial calculation yielding geographically differentiated expected implicit subsidies for homes across the western United States. The expected net present value of this subsidy can exceed 20 percent o...
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作者：Van Doornik, Bernardus; Schoenherr, David; Skrastins, Janis
作者单位：Princeton University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Exploiting an unemployment insurance reform in Brazil, we study incentive effects of UI in the presence of informal labor markets. We find that eligibility for UI benefits increases formal layoffs by 11 percent. Most of the additional layoffs are related to workers transi-tioning to informal employment. We further document formal layoff and recall patterns consistent with rent extraction from the UI sys-tem. Workers are laid off as they become eligible for UI benefits and recalled when benefit...
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作者：Bellemare, Charles; Gousse, Marion; Lacroix, Guy; Marchand, Steeve
作者单位：Laval University; Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information (ENSAI); Laval University; University of Melbourne
摘要：We sent fictitious applications to firms advertising job openings. We find that revealing a disability decreases callback rates by 25 percent-age points. This result is not explained by accessibility constraints or lower productivity due to disability. We find that including a video resume of a well-spoken applicant significantly increases callbacks by 10 percentage points for persons with and without disabilities, suggesting that discrimination is unaffected by quality signals in our context....
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作者：Fischer, Torben; Froelich, Markus; Landmann, Andreas
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：We present robust evidence on adverse selection in hospitalization insurance for low-income individuals that received first-time access to insurance. A large randomized control trial from Pakistan allows us to separate adverse selection from moral hazard, estimate how selection changes at different points of the demand curve, and test simple measures to limit adverse selection. The results reveal sub-stantial selection in individual policies, leading to welfare losses and the threat of a marke...
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作者：He, Guojun; Tanaka, Takanao
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Following the Fukushima nuclear accident, Japan gradually shut down all its nuclear power plants, causing a countrywide power shortage. In response the government launched large-scale energy-saving campaigns to reduce electricity consumption. Exploiting the electricity-saving targets across regions and over time, we show that the campaigns significantly increased mortality, par-ticularly during extremely hot days. The impact is primarily driven by people using less air conditioning, as encoura...
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作者：Massenkoff, M. A. X. I. M.; Wilmers, N. A. T. H. A. N.
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; Naval Postgraduate School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Using new establishment-by-occupation microdata, we show that the use of discretionary wage setting significantly expanded in the 1970s and 1980s. Increasingly, wages for blue-collar workers were not standardized by job title or seniority but instead subject to managerial discretion. When establishments abandoned standardized pay rates, wages fell, particularly for the lowest-paid workers in a job and for those in establishments that previously paid above market rates. This shift away from sta...
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作者：Carozzi, Felipe; Cipullo, Davide; Repetto, Luca
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Uppsala University
摘要：This paper studies how political fragmentation affects government stability Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that each additional party with representation in the local parliament increases the probability that the incumbent government is unseated by 5 percentage points. The entry of an additional party affects stability by reducing the probability of a single-party majority and increasing the instability of governments when such a majority is not available. We interpret our re...
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作者：Dehdari, Sirus H.; Gehring, Kai
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Zurich
摘要：We study how more negative historical exposure to the actions of nation-states-like war, occupation, and repression-affects the formation of regional identity. The quasi-exogenous division of the French regions Alsace and Lorraine allows us to implement a geo-graphical regression discontinuity design at the municipal level. Using measures of stated and revealed preferences, we find that more negative experiences with nation-states are associated with a stronger regional identity in the short, ...
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作者：Wong, Woan Foong
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：Container ships travel between a fixed set of origins and destinations in round trips, inducing a negative correlation in their freight rates. I study the implications of this round trip effect on international trade and trade policy. I identify this effect and develop an instrument using it to estimate the impact of transport costs on trade. I simulate counterfactual import tariff increases in a quantitative model and quantify the importance of endogenizing transport costs with respect to thi...
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作者：Acciari, Paolo; Polo, Alberto; Violante, Giovanni L.
作者单位：Bank of England; Princeton University
摘要：We estimate intergenerational income mobility in Italy using administrative data from tax returns. Our estimates of mobility are higher than prior work using survey data and indirect methods. The rankrank slope of parent-child income is 0.22, compared to 0.18 in Denmark and 0.34 in the United States. The probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 0.11. We uncover substantial geographical variation: upwa...
