Reexamining the Contribution of Public Health -Efforts to the Decline in Urban Mortality

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel, I
• 署名单位: Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-APPLIED ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1945-7782
• DOI: 10.1257/app.20190034
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 126-157
• 关键词: bovine tuberculosis; UNITED-STATES; typhoid-fever; water; disease; improvements; purification; eradication; TRANSITION; QUALITY

摘要

Using data on 25 major American cities for the period -1900-1940, we explore the effects of -municipal-level public health efforts that were viewed as critical in the fight against foodborne and -waterborne -diseases. In addition to studying interventions such as treating sewage and setting bacteriological standards for milk, which have received little attention, we provide new evidence on the effects of water -filtration and chlorination, extending the work of previous -scholars. Although water filtration is associated with an 11-12 percent -reduction in infant mortality, none of the other interventions under study appear to have contributed to the observed mortality declines.