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作者：Lim, Jongwon; Van, An Bao; Koprowski, Katherine; Wester, Matthew; Valera, Enrique; Bashir, Rashid
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
摘要：Rapid and accurate detection of DNA from disease- causing pathogens is essential for controlling the spread of infections and administering timely treatments. While traditional molecular diagnostics techniques like PCR are highly sensitive, they include nucleic acid amplification and many need to be performed in centralized laboratories, limiting their utility in point- of- care settings. Recent advances in CRISPR- based diagnostics (CRISPR- Dx) have demonstrated the potential for highly speci...
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作者：Bergeron, Julien R. C.; Lale-Farjat, Shamar L. M.; Lewicka, Hanna M.; Parry, Chloe; Kollman, Justin M.
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Imperial College London
摘要：The cytoskeleton is crucial for cell organization and movement. In Eukaryotes, it largely consists of the protein actin, that forms a double-stranded linear filamentous structure in the presence of ATP and disassemble upon ATP hydrolysis. Bacteria also possess actin homologs, that drive fundamental cellular processes, including cell division, shape maintenance, and DNA segregation. Like eukaryotic actin, bacterial actins assemble into dynamic polymers upon ATP binding, however variation in int...
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作者：Ma, Yudiyang; Wang, Jianing; Cui, Feipeng; Tang, Linxi; Khalid, Sara; Tian, Yaohua; Xie, Junqin
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：The relationships between air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and COVID-19-related outcomes, as well as the potential interplays between air pollution and genetic susceptibility, remain largely unexplored. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess associations between long-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of COVID-19 outcomes (infection, hospitalization, and death) in a COVID-19-naive cohort (n = 458,396). Additionally, associations between air pollutants and the ris...
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作者：Stow, Parker R.; Forsch, Kiefer O.; Thomsen, Emil; Naka, Hiroaki; Haygood, Margo G.; Barbeau, Katherine A.; Butler, Alison
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：Bacteria compete for iron by producing small-molecule chelators known as siderophores. The triscatechol siderophores trivanchrobactin and ruckerbactin, produced by Vibrio campbellii DS40M4 and Yersinia ruckeri YRB, respectively, are naturally occurring diastereomers that form chiral ferric complexes in opposing enantiomeric configurations. Chiral recognition is a hallmark of specificity in biological systems, yet the biological consequences of chiral coordination compounds are relatively unexp...
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作者：Ahituv, Hadar; Henry, Amanda G.; Melamed, Yoel; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Bakels, Corrie; Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila; Cabanes, Dan; Stone, Jeffery R.; Rowe, Walter F.; Alperson-Afil, Nira
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作者：Schnyder, Simon K.; Molina, John J.; Yamamoto, Ryoichi; Turner, Matthew S.
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Kyoto University; University of Warwick; University of Warwick
摘要：Faced with a dangerous epidemic humans will spontaneously social distance to reduce their risk of infection at a socioeconomic cost. Compartmentalized epidemic models have been extended to include this endogenous decision making: Individuals choose their behavior to optimize a utility function, self-consistently giving rise to population behavior. Here, we study the properties of the resulting Nash equilibria, in which no member of the population can gain an advantage by unilaterally adopting ...
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作者：Acerbi, Alberto; de Courson, Benoit
作者单位：University of Trento
摘要：Outcomes in the cultural arena are due to many factors but are there general rules that can suggest what makes some cultural traits successful and others not? Research in cultural evolution theory distinguishes factors related to social influence (such as copying from the majority, or from certain individuals) from factors related to individual, nonsocially influenced, propensities such as evolved cognitive predispositions, or physical, biological, and environmental constraints. Here, we show,...
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作者：Fang, Han; Shi, Mengling; Wang, Cong; Zhang, Saiting; Kong, Na; Ji, Mengyao; Wang, Yan; Zhou, Yidan; Zhu, Qiyun; Zhang, Yu; Du, Shishen; Xu, Shuai; Lei, Caoqi
作者单位：Wuhan University; Wuhan University; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS; Wuhan University; Lanzhou University
摘要：Upon viral infection, retinoic acid- inducible gene- I (RIG- I)- like receptors (RLRs) detect viral RNA to initiate antiviral innate immune response, which is mediated by the mitochondrial adaptor protein VISA virus- induced signaling adaptor; also known as mitochondiral antiviral- signaling protein (MAVS). The stability and activity of VISA are tightly regulated by various posttranslational modifications, among which polyubiquitination plays important roles. Various E3 ubiquitin ligases, incl...
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作者：Jung, Yeonsu; Plumb-Reyes, Thomas; Lin, Hao-Yu Greg; Mahadevan, L.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Random packings of stiff rods are self-supporting mechanical structures stabilized by long-range interactions induced by contacts. To understand the geometrical and topological complexity of the packings, we first deploy X-ray computerized tomography to unveil the structure of the packing. This allows us to directly visualize the spatial variations in density, orientational order, and the entanglement, a mesoscopic field that we define in terms of a local average crossing number, a measure of ...
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作者：Hallinen, Kelsey M.; Bodine, Steven P.; Stone, Howard A.; Muir, Tom W.; Wingreen, Ned S.; Gitai, Zemer
作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University; Princeton University; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：Fluid flows are dominant features of many bacterial environments, and flow can often impact bacterial behaviors in unexpected ways. For example, the most common type of cardiovascular infection is heart valve colonization by gram- positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (endocarditis). This behavior is counter-intuitive because heart valves experience high shear rates that would naively be expected to reduce colonization. To determine whether these bacteria prefe...
