Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid- level arousal AI翻译
  作者：Beerendonk, Lola; Mejias, Jorge F.; Nuiten, Stijn A.; de Gee, Jan Willem; Fahrenfort, Johannes J.; van Gaal, Simon
  作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; University of Basel; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  摘要：Perceptual decision- making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of the brain, which fluctuates over time on a scale of hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between momentary arousal and task performance is captured by an inverted U- shape, as put forward in the Yerkes-Dodson law. This law suggests optimal performance at moderate levels of arousal and impaired performance at low or high arousal levels. However, despite its popularity, the evidence for this ...
• Decoupled evolution of the Sex Peptide gene family and Sex Peptide Receptor in Drosophilidae AI翻译
  作者：Hopkins, Ben R.; Angus-Henry, Aidan; Kim, Bernard Y.; Carlisle, Jolie A.; Thompson, Ammon; Kopp, Artyom
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Stanford University; Cornell University
  摘要：Across internally fertilising species, males transfer ejaculate proteins that trigger wide-ranging changes in female behaviour and physiology. Much theory has been developed to explore the drivers of ejaculate protein evolution. The accelerating availability of high-quality genomes now allows us to test how these proteins are evolving at fine taxonomic scales. Here, we use genomes from 264 species to chart the evolutionary history of Sex Peptide (SP), a potent regulator of female post-mating r...
• Translocal social resilience dimensions of migration as adaptation to environmental change AI翻译
  作者：Sakdapolrak, Patrick; Sterly, Harald; Borderon, Marion; Bunchuay-Peth, Simon; Naruchaikusol, Sopon; Ober, Kayly; Porst, Luise; Rockenbauch, Till
  作者单位：University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Zentrum fur Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF)
  摘要：There is growing recognition of the potential of migration to contribute to climate-change adaptation. Yet, there is limited evidence to what degree, under what conditions, for whom, and with which limitations this is effectively the case. We argue that this results from a lack of recognition and systematic incorporation of sociospatiality-the nested, networked, and intersectional nature of migration-as-adaptation. Our central objective is to utilize the translocal social-resilience approach t...
• Author affiliations: a; bc; d; ef g h; i jnd k AI翻译
  作者：Ganier, Clarisse; Mazin, Pavel; Herrera-Oropeza, Gabriel; Du-Harpur, Xinyi; Blakeley, Matthew; Gabriel, Jeyrroy; Predeus, Alexander, V; Cakir, Batuhan; Prete, Martin; Harun, Nasrat; Darrigrand, Jean-Francois; Haiser, Alexander; Wyles, Saranya; Shaw, Tanya; Teichmann, Sarah A.; Haniffa, Muzlifah; Watt, Fiona M.; Lynch, Magnus D.
  作者单位：Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; Francis Crick Institute; Mayo Clinic; University of London; King's College London; University of Cambridge; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); University of London; King's College London; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
  摘要：Our understanding of how human skin cells differ according to anatomical site and tumour formation is limited. To address this, we have created a multiscale spatial atlas of healthy skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), incorporating in vivo optical coherence tomography, single cell RNA sequencing, spatial global transcriptional profiling, and in situ sequencing. Computational spatial deconvolution and projection revealed the localisation of distinct cell populations to specific tissue contexts...
• Self- assembled active actomyosin gels spontaneously curve and wrinkle similar to biological cells and tissues AI翻译
  作者：Livne, Gefen; Gat, Shachar; Armon, Shahaf; Groswasser, Anne Bernheim -
  作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Living systems adopt a diversity of curved and highly dynamic shapes. These diverse morphologies appear on many length scales, from cells to tissues and organismal scales. The common driving force for these dynamic shape changes are contractile stresses gen-erated by myosin motors in the cell cytoskeleton, that converts chemical energy into mechanical work. A good understanding of how contractile stresses in the cytoskeleton arise into different three- dimensional (3D) shapes and what are the ...
• White matter plasticity during second language learning within and across hemispheres AI翻译
  作者：Wei, Xuehu; Gunter, Thomas C.; Adamson, Helyne; Schwendemann, Matthias; Friederici, Angela D.; Goucha, Tomas; Anwander, Alfred
  作者单位：Max Planck Society
  摘要：Adult second language (L2) learning is a challenging enterprise inducing neuroplastic changes in the human brain. However, it remains unclear how the structural language connectome and its subnetworks change during adult L2 learning. The current study investigated longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) language networks in each hemisphere, as well as their interconnection, in a large group of Arabic- speaking adults who learned German intensively for 6 mo. We found a significant increase in...
• Social-ecological vulnerability and risk of China's marine capture fisheries to climate change AI翻译
  作者：Li, Yunzhou; Sun, Ming; Yang, Xiangyan; Yang, Molin; Kleisner, Kristin M.; Mills, Katherine E.; Tang, Yi; Du, Feiyan; Qiu, Yongsong; Ren, Yiping; Chen, Yong
  作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Environmental Defense Fund; Gulf of Maine Research Institute; Shanghai Ocean University; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS; Ocean University of China
  摘要：Climate change is a new disrupter to global fisheries systems and their governance frameworks. It poses a pressing management challenge, particularly in China, which is renowned as the world's largest fishing country and seafood producer. As climate change continues to intensify in the region and climate awareness grows within the country's national policy, the need to understand China's fisheries' resilience to the escalating climate crisis becomes paramount. In this study, we conduct an inte...
• Age- dependent extinction and the neutral theory of biodiversity AI翻译
  作者：Saulsbury, James G.; Parins-Fukuchi, C. Tomomi; Wilson, Connor J.; Reitan, Trond; Liow, Lee Hsiang
  作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Kansas; University of Toronto; University of Oxford; University of Arizona; University of Oslo
  摘要：Red Queen (RQ) theory states that adaptation does not protect species from extinction because their competitors are continually adapting alongside them. RQ was founded on the apparent independence of extinction risk and fossil taxon age, but analytical developments have since demonstrated that age- dependent extinction is widespread, usually most intense among young species. Here, we develop ecological neutral theory as a general framework for modeling fossil species survivorship under incompl...