Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Variable-strength nonlocal measurements reveal quantum violations of classical counting principles AI翻译
  作者：Lupu-Gladstein, Noah; Pang, Ou Teen Arthur; Ferretti, Hugo; Tham, Weng-Kian; Steinberg, Aephraim M.; Bonsma-Fisher, Kent; Brodutch, Aharon
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); National Research Council Canada
  摘要：We implement a variant of the quantum pigeonhole paradox thought experiment to study whether classical counting principles survive in the quantum domain. We observe strong measurements significantly violate the pigeonhole principle (that among three pigeons in two holes, at least one pair must be in the same hole) and the sum rule (that the number of pigeon pairs in the same hole is the sum of the number of pairs across each of the holes) in an ensemble that is pre- and postselected into parti...
• Engineered immunological niche directs therapeutic development in models of progressive multiple sclerosis AI翻译
  作者：Rad, Laila M.; Hughes, Kevin R.; Wheeler, Sydney N.; Decker, Joseph T.; Orbach, Sophia M.; Galvan, Angelica; Thornhill, Jasmine; Griffin, Kate, V; Turkistani, Hamza; Urie, Russell R.; Irani, David N.; Shea, Lonnie D.; Morris, Aaron H.
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with only a single class of FDA- approved treatment, B cell depletion. Novel treatments could emerge from a deeper understanding of the interplay between multiple cell types within diseased tissue throughout progression. We initially describe an engineered biomaterial-based immunological niche (IN) as a surrogate for diseased tissue to investigate immune cell function and phenotype dynamics throughout a chronic p...
• Identification of a central regulator of ginkgolide biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba that integrates jasmonate and light signaling AI翻译
  作者：Du, Jinfa; Zhao, Zhen; Jin, Lingqi; Huang, Lijin; Jin, Dian; Zheng, Xiaoyan; Wang, Qiaolei; Xu, Wenbo; Guo, Huijun; Xing, Xinyue; Alolga, Raphael N.; Tran, Lam-Son Phan; Herrera-Estrella, Luis Rafael; Li, Ping; Yin, Xiaojian; Lu, Xu
  作者单位：China Pharmaceutical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Northeast Institute of Geography & Agroecology, CAS; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University; Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Mexico; CINVESTAV - Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, CACMS; China Pharmaceutical University
  摘要：Ginkgolides are secondary metabolites unique to Ginkgo biloba with the potential to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although the biosynthetic pathways of ginkgolides have been partly uncovered, the mechanism regulating their bio-synthesis is still largely unknown. Here, using multiomic and genetic analyses, we report the identification of a transcription factor, named ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH GINKGOLIDE BIOSYNTHESIS (GbEAG), as a critical regula-t...
• tRNA selectivity during ribosome- associated quality control regulates the critical sterility- inducing temperature in two- line hybrid rice AI翻译
  作者：Zhou, Can; Liu, Chunyan; Yan, Bin; Sun, Jing; Li, Shengdong; Li, Ji; Wang, Jia; Huang, Xiahe; Yan, Wei; Yang, Shuying; Fu, Chenjian; Qin, Peng; Fu, Xingxue; Zhao, Xinghui; Wu, Yaxian; Song, Xianwei; Wang, Yingchun; Qian, Wenfeng; Yang, Yuanzhu; Cao, Xiaofeng
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS); Southern University of Science & Technology
  摘要：The two- line hybrid rice system, a cutting- edge hybrid rice breeding technology, has greatly boosted global food security. In thermo- sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines, the critical sterility- inducing temperature (CSIT; the temperature at which TGMS lines change from male fertile to complete male sterile) acts as a key threshold. We recently uncovered that thermo- sensitive genic male sterility 5 (tms5), a sterile locus presenting in over 95% of TGMS lines, leads to the overaccumula...
• Subunit- specific conductance of single homomeric and heteromeric HCN pacemaker channels at femtosiemens resolution AI翻译
  作者：Benndorf, Klaus; Enke, Uta; Tewari, Debanjan; Kusch, Jana; Liu, Haoran; Sun, Han; Schmauder, Ralf; Sattler, Christian
  作者单位：Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Forschungsinstitut furr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP); Technical University of Berlin
  摘要：In mammals, the four subunit isoforms HCN1-4 assemble to form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric hyperpolarization- activated cyclic nucleotide- modulated (HCN) ion channels. Despite the outstanding relevance of HCN channels for organisms, including generating electrical rhythmicity in cardiac pacemaker cells and diverse types of brain neurons, key channel properties are still elusive. In particular, the unitary conductance, gamma, of HCN channels is highly controversial. We analyz...
• How can we make sound replication decisions? AI翻译
  作者：Davis-Stober, Clintin P.; Sarafoglou, Alexandra; Aczel, Balazs; Chandramouli, Suyog H.; Errington, Timothy M.; Field, Sarahanne M.; Fishbach, Ayelet; Freire, Juliana; Ioannidis, John P. A.; Oberauer, Klaus; Pestilli, Franco; Ressl, Susanne; Schad, Daniel J.; ter Schure, Judith; Tentori, Katya; van Ravenzwaaij, Don; Vandekerckhove, Joachim; Gundersen, Odd Erik
  作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Amsterdam; Eotvos Lorand University; Aalto University; Princeton University; University of Groningen; University of Chicago; New York University; New York University Tandon School of Engineering; New York University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of Zurich; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Amsterdam; University of Trento; University of Groningen; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
  摘要：Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers' time are quite limited. In this perspective, we examine different values and attitudes that scientists can c...
• Bubble coalescence principle in saline water AI翻译
  作者：Li, Danlong; Manica, Rogerio; Chen, Zhixiang; Wang, Shuo; Liu, Qingxia; Zhang, Haijun
  作者单位：China University of Mining & Technology; Shenzhen Technology University; University of Alberta
  摘要：Bubbles present in saline water typically exhibit a prolonged lifetime, making them attractive for various engineering processes. Herein, we unveil a transition from delayed bubble coalescence to rapid bursting within about one millisecond in salty solutions. The key aspect in understanding this transition lies in the combined influences of surface deformation and ion surface excess instead of characterizing the ions alone. Only with a sufficiently deformed region trapped between the colliding...
• AMH protects the ovary from doxorubicin by regulating cell fate and the response to DNA damage AI翻译
  作者：Nguyen, Ngoc Minh Phuong; Chang, Eun Mi; Chauvin, Maeva; Sicher, Natalie; Kashiwagi, Aki; Nagykery, Nicholas; Chow, Christina; May, Phoebe; Bunnell, Alana Mermin-; Cleverdon, Josephine; Duong, Thy; Kano, Motohiro; Godin, Philippe; Meinsohn, Marie- Charlotte; Gao, Dadi; Donahoe, Patricia K.; Pepin, David
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：AntiM & uuml;llerian hormone (AMH) protects the ovarian reserve from chemotherapy, and this effect is most pronounced with Doxorubicin (DOX). However, DOX toxicity and AMH rescue mechanisms in the ovary have remained unclear. Herein, we characterize the consequences of these treatments in ovarian cell types using scRNAseq. DOX- induced DNA damage activates Tp53 class mediators across ovarian cell types. In the mesenchyme, cotreatment with AMH halts theca progenitor differentiation and reduces ...
• Violence against women and girls research: Leveraging gains across disciplines AI翻译
  作者：Falb, Kathryn; Peterman, Amber; Nordas, Ragnhild; Field, Anjalie; Porat, Roni; Stark, Lindsay
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Johns Hopkins University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, linked to numerous health, economic, and human rights outcomes. Target 5.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals calls for elimination of all forms of VAWG; however, progress toward achieving this goal has been inadequate. A lack of sufficient data and evidence has hindered global efforts to meet this target and hold governments accountable for action. While there have been substantial advancements ...
• Heterogeneous and multiple conformational transition pathways between pseudoknots of the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Shuting; Schlick, Tamar
  作者单位：New York University; New York University; New York University; NYU Shanghai; New York University
  摘要：Frameshifting is an essential mechanism employed by many viruses including coronaviruses to produce viral proteins from a compact RNA genome. It is facilitated by specific RNA folds in the frameshift element (FSE), which has emerged as an important therapeutic target. For SARS-CoV-2, a specific 3-stem pseudoknot has been identified to stimulate frameshifting. However, prior studies and our RNA-As-Graphs analysis coupled to chemical reactivity experiments revealed other folds, including a diffe...