Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Brillouin super- cooling/heating in a non- Hermitian phononic dimer AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Yicheng; Xue, Boyi; Sun, Yuncong; Geng, Qi; Chen, Yuping; Chen, Xianfeng; Jiang, Xiaoshun; Ge, Li; Wan, Wenjie
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; College of Staten Island (CUNY)
  摘要：The ability to coherently manipulate phonons through light permits cooling and heating microscale quantum systems for various critical fields in metrology, information processing, and sensing. However, these physical systems often are hard to isolate and open for exchanging energy externally, making themselves non-Hermitian. Here, we experimentally observe a super-cooling/heating state in a non-Hermitian phononic dimer, where the two independent phonon modes of distinct cooling/heating rates b...
• In silico machine learning-enabled detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil AI翻译
  作者：Ju, Yilong; Neumann, Oara; Denison, Sara B.; Jin, Peixuan; Alvarado, Andres B. Sanchez-; Nordlander, Peter; Senftle, Thomas P.; Alvarez, Pedro J. J.; Patel, Ankit; Halas, Naomi J.
  作者单位：Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Baylor College of Medicine
  摘要：The detection and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their modified derivatives in contaminated soil is challenging due to the chemical and microbial complexity of soil organic matter. To address these challenges, we developed an innovative analytical approach that combines Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with a Raman spectral library constructed in silico using density functional theory (DFT)-calculated spectra. This method overcomes several limitations associat...
• Decreased likelihood of schooling as a consequence of tropical cyclones: Evidence from 13 low-and middle-income countries AI翻译
  作者：Jing, Renzhi; Heft-Neal, Sam; Wang, Zetianyu; Chen, Jie; Qiu, Minghao; Opper, Isaac M.; Wagner, Zachary; Bendavid, Eran
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; RAND Corporation; Princeton University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University of Southern California
  摘要：Increasing educational attainment is one of the most important and effective strategies for health and economic improvements. The extent to which extreme climate events disrupt education, resulting in reduced educational attainment, remains understudied. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be uniquely vulnerable to losing schooling after disasters due to the poor physical condition of schools and the lack of resources to mitigate unexpected household shocks. Our analysis a...
• Understanding TAK1 deficiency in microglia: Dual mechanisms for photoreceptor protection in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Jing; Yang, Wei; Wu, Jiangmei; Lin, Bin
  作者单位：Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Central South University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  摘要：Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal diseases characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors. Neuroinflammation has been implicated the pathophysiology of RP and its progression. Previous studies have suggested that the transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating acute and chronic neuroinflammation. However, the functional role of TAK1 neuroinflammation remains unclear in RP. Here, we observed TAK1 upregulation acti...
• Opioid receptors reveal a discrete cellular mechanism of endosomal G protein activation AI翻译
  作者：Fisher, Nicole M.; von Zastrow, Mark
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：Many GPCRs initiate a second phase of G protein-mediated signaling from endosomes. This inherently requires the GPCR to increase cognate G protein activity on the endosome surface. Gs-coupled GPCRs are thought to achieve this by internalizing and mediating a second round of allosteric coupling to G proteins on the endosome membrane. Here, we provide evidence that the mu- opioid receptor (MOR), a Gi-coupled GPCR, is able to increase endosomal G protein activity in a different way. Leveraging co...
• Elevated UDP-glucuronic acid levels mend drug resistance and stress responses via a protease and a transporter in Cryptococcus gattii AI翻译
  作者：Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong; Cai, Hongyi; Walter, Peter J.; Chang, Yun C.; Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
  摘要：UDP- glucuronic acid (UDP- GlcUA) is a nucleotide sugar essential for various biological processes in many organisms, and its excess within the cell can disrupt cellular functions. In Cryptococcus, mutations in the UXS1 gene which encodes an enzyme responsible for converting UDP- GlcUA into UDP- xylose, result in excessive accumulation of UDP- GlcUA and confer resistance to the antifungal drug 5- fluorocytosine. Here, we demonstrate that elevation of UDP- GlcUA affects several cellular process...
• Cryptic genetic variation in brain gene expression precedes the evolution of cannibalism in spadefoot toad tadpoles AI翻译
  作者：Nesta, Dante J.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
  摘要：The origins of novel behaviors are poorly understood, despite behavior's hypothesized roles in evolution. One model, genetic accommodation, proposes that selection on ancestral phenotypic plasticity may precede the evolution of novel traits. A critical assumption of genetic accommodation is that ancestral lineages possess heritable genetic variation for trait plasticity that is revealed in novel environments, thereby providing the raw materials for subsequent refinement of the novel trait in d...
• Quantifying the impact of biobanks and cohort studies AI翻译
  作者：Dorantes-Gilardi, Rodrigo; Ivey, Kerry L.; Costa, Lauren; Matty, Rachael; Cho, Kelly; Gaziano, John Michael; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Boston Healthcare System; Northeastern University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital
  摘要：Biobanks advance biomedical and clinical research by collecting and offering data and biological samples for numerous studies. However, the impact of these repositories varies greatly due to differences in their purpose, scope, governance, and data collected. Here, we computationally identified 2,663 biobanks and their textual mentions in 228,761 scientific articles, 16,210 grants, 15,469 patents, 1,769 clinical trials, and 9,468 public policy documents, helping characterize the academic commu...
• QnAs with Nora Newcombe AI翻译
  作者：Ravindran, Sandeep
• A hydrophobic photouncaging reaction to profile the lipid droplet interactome in tissues AI翻译
  作者：Shen, Di; Zhao, Qun; Zhang, Huaiyue; Wu, Ci; Jin, Hao; Guo, Kun; Sun, Rui; Guo, Hengke; Zhao, Qi; Feng, Huan; Dong, Xuepeng; Gao, Zhenming; Zhang, Lihua; Liu, Yu
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Dalian Medical University
  摘要：Most bioorthogonal photouncaging reactions preferentially occur in polar environments to accommodate biological applications in the aqueous cellular milieu. However, they are not precisely designed to chemically adapt to the diverse microenvironments of the cell. Herein, we report a hydrophobic photouncaging reaction with tailored photolytic kinetics toward solvent polarity. Structural modulations of the aminobenzoquinone-based photocage reveal the impact of cyclic ring size, steric substituen...