Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• AI assessment changes human behavior AI翻译
  作者：Goergen, Jonas; de Bellis, Emanuel; Klesse, Anne - Kathrin
  作者单位：University of St Gallen; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
  摘要：AI is increasingly replacing human decision-makers across domains. AI-based tools have become particularly common in assessment decisions, such as when recruiting employees or admitting students. Calls for transparency and new legislation require organizations to disclose the use of AI assessment tools, thus making people under assessment aware of its use. We investigate whether this shift from human to AI assessment affects people's behavior during the assessment. We propose that people empha...
• Siderite and ferric oxyhydroxides imply interlinked carbon, iron, and halogen cycles on Mars AI翻译
  作者：Mitra, Kaushik; Malesky, Lauren A.; Thorpe, Michael T.; Stevanovic, Ana
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio
  摘要：Pure siderite [FeIICO3] was recently discovered in abundant quantities (4.8 to 10.5 wt.%) by the Curiosity rover at Gale crater, Mars. Diagenetic alteration of siderite likely caused the carbonate-sequestered CO2 to be released back into the atmosphere and consequently produced ferric [Fe(III)] oxyhydr(oxide) minerals. Here, using laboratory experimentation, we demonstrate that while closed system acid diagenesis-as proposed for Gale crater-is incapable of effective siderite alteration in Mars...
• The brain computes dynamic facial movements for emotion categorization using a third pathway AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Yuening; Zhan, Jiayu; Garrod, Oliver G. B.; Ince, Robin A. A.; Jack, Rachael E.; Schyns, Philippe G.
  作者单位：University of Glasgow; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
  摘要：Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience propose a third brain pathway dedicated to processing biological motion, alongside the established ventral and dorsal pathways. However, its role in computing dynamic social signals for behavior remains uncharted. Here, participants (N = 10) actively categorized dynamic facial expressions synthesized by a generative model and displayed on different face identities-as happy, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sad-while we recorded their MEG responses. Us...
• Cross-species modeling of plant genomes at single-nucleotide resolution using a pretrained DNA language model AI翻译
  作者：Zhai, Jingjing; Gokaslan, Aaron; Schiff, Yair; Berthel, Ana; Liu, Zong - Yan; Lai, Wei - Yun; Miller, Zachary R.; Scheben, Armin; Stitzer, Michelle C.; Romay, M. Cinta; Buckler, Edward S.; Kuleshov, Volodymyr
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  摘要：Interpreting function and fitness effects in diverse plant genomes requires transferable models. Language models (LMs) pretrained on large-scale biological sequences can capture evolutionary conservation and offer cross-species prediction better than supervised models through fine-tuning limited labeled data. We introduce PlantCaduceus, a plant DNA LM that learns evolutionary conservation patterns in 16 angiosperm genomes by modeling both DNA strands simultaneously. When fine-tuned on a small ...
• Defining CDK12 as a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in mouse models of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma AI翻译
  作者：Tien, Jean Ching-Yi; Zhai, Yali; Wu, Rong; Zhang, Yuping; Chang, Yu; Cheng, Yunhui; Todd, Abigail J.; Wheeler, Christina E.; Li, Shuqin; Mannan, Rahul; Cheng, Caleb; Magnuson, Brian; Cruz, Gabriel; Cao, Yizhi; Mahapatra, Somnath; Stolfi, Carmine; Cao, Xuhong; Su, Fengyun; Wang, Rui; Yang, Jianzhang; Zhou, Licheng; Qiao, Yuanyuan; Xiao, Lanbo; Cieslik, Marcin; Wang, Xiaoju; Wang, Zhen; Chou, Jonathan; Fearon, Eric R.; Ding, Ke; Cho, Kathleen R.; Chinnaiyan, Arul M.
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; UCSF Medical Center; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death among American women, with most fatalities attributable to tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). This malignancy usually develops resistance to conventional chemotherapy, underscoring the need for robust preclinical models to guide the development of novel therapies. Here, we introduce an HGSC mouse model generated via Ovgp1-driven Cre recombinase effecting CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Trp53, Rb1, and Nf1 tumor suppressor...
• Reply to Ogutu et al.: Cattle-wild herbivore interaction studies warrant new lenses from community ecology and environmental justice AI翻译
  作者：Butt, Bilal; Xu, Wenjing
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima- Forschungszentrum (BiK-F)
• Sensitivity of simulations of Plio-Pleistocene climate with the CLIMBER-2 Earth System Model to details of the global carbon cycle AI翻译
  作者：Carrillo, Judit; Mann, Michael E.; Marinov, Irina; Christiansen, Shannon A.; Willeit, Matteo; Ganopolski, Andrey
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Universidad de la Laguna; Potsdam Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung
  摘要：The Earth system model CLIMBER-2 has been used in past work to successfully reproduce the glacial/interglacial cycles of the Plio-Pleistocene and the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) from predominantly 40 to 100 ky timescale oscillatory behavior as a function of declining volcanic outgassing and regolith removal. In this study, we further examine the sensitivity of this previous work to varying prescribed levels of volcanic outgassing and regolith extent and the long-term dynamics of the globa...
• Multiple cortical systems influence a single vibrissa muscle AI翻译
  作者：Maharjan, Aman; Guest, Jason M.; Rathelot, Jean- Alban; Osorio, Fiorella M. Gomez; Strick, Peter L.; Oberlaender, Marcel
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Max Planck Society; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
  摘要：What is the neural substrate that enables the cerebral cortex to control a single mystacial vibrissa and orchestrate its movement? To answer this question, we injected rabies virus into the intrinsic muscle that protracts the rat C3 vibrissa and used retrograde transneuronal transport to identify the cortical neurons that influence the muscle. A surprisingly diverse set of cortical areas is the origin of disynaptic control over the motoneurons that influence the C3 protractor. More than two th...
• The highly conserved intron of tyrosine tRNA is critical for m1A58 modification and controls the integrated stress response AI翻译
  作者：Stuart, Catherine J.; Hurtig, Jennifer E.; Tzadikario, Talia; Thomas, Niki K.; Jain, Miten; van Hoof, Ambro
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; Northeastern University
  摘要：tRNA introns are a universally conserved feature of eukaryotic genomes, but the reason for their conservation has remained obscure. We have previously shown that a defect in the essential tRNA splicing endonuclease of yeast results in transcriptome remodeling, resembling that of the integrated stress response (ISR). In this study, we show that ISR activation in this mutant requires the canonical ISR components, including the collided ribosome sensor Gcn1. We further show that splicing of tyros...
• High- throughput metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica through gene expression tuning AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Wei; Wang, Shengbao; Ahlheit, Daniel; Fumagalli, Tommaso; Yang, Zhijie; Ramanathan, Shreemaya; Jiang, Xinglin; Weber, Tilmann; Dahlin, Jonathan; Borodina, Irina
  作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; Aalborg University; University of Milano-Bicocca
  摘要：The challenge of accurately predicting which genetic alternations lead to the desired phenotype necessitates high-throughput metabolic engineering approaches where numerous hypotheses can be tested simultaneously. We describe the CRISPR-Cas9-based method TUNEYALI that enables high-throughput tuning of gene expression in the common industrial yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The method is based on replacing the promoters of the target genes with native Y. lipolytica promoters of varying strengths or ...