Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required? AI翻译
  作者：Sephton, Mark A.; Steele, Andrew; Westall, Frances; Schubotz, Florence
  作者单位：Imperial College London; Carnegie Institution for Science; University of Bremen
  摘要：The search for evidence of past prebiotic or biotic activity on Mars will be enhanced by the return of samples to Earth laboratories. While impressive analytical feats have been accomplished by in situ missions on the red planet, accessing the capabilities of Earth's global laboratories will present a step change in data acquisition. Highly diagnostic markers of past life are biomarkers, organic molecules whose architecture can be attributed to once living organisms. Similar organic molecular ...
• Trojan horse peptide conjugates remodel the activity spectrum of clinical antibiotics AI翻译
  作者：Luo, Shangwen; Li, Xin- Rong; Gong, Xiao- Tong; Kulikovsky, Alexey; Qu, Feng; Beis, Konstantinos; Severinov, Konstantin; Dubiley, Svetlana; Feng, Xinxin; Dong, Shi- Hui; Nair, Satish K.
  作者单位：Lanzhou University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Gene Biology (IGB) of Russian Academy of Sciences; Imperial College London; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Hunan University; Hunan University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Infections caused by gram- negative pathogens continue to be a major risk to human health because of the innate antibiotic resistance endowed by their unique cell membrane architecture. Nature has developed an elegant solution to target gram- negative strains, namely by conjugating toxic antibiotic warheads to a suitable carrier to facilitate the active import of the drug to a specific target organism. Microcin C7 (McC) is a Trojan horse peptide-conjugated antibiotic that specifically targets ...
• Family relations of Moche elite burials on the North Coast of Peru (∼500 CE): Analyses of the Senora de Cao and relatives AI翻译
  作者：Quilter, Jeffrey; Jordan, Regulo Fanco; Harkins, Kelly; Marsh, Erik; Prieto, Gabriel; Verano, John; Leblanc, Steven; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Krigbaum, John; Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
  作者单位：Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
  摘要：The Moche archaeological culture flourished along Peru's North Coast between the 4th and 10th centuries CE and was characterized by a complex social hierarchy dominated by political and religious elites. Previous archaeological evidence suggests kinship was a key factor in maintaining political authority within Moche society. To test this hypothesis, we applied archaeological, genetic, and isotopic methods to examine familial relationships between six individuals, including the prominent Senor...
• Predicting gene sequences with AI to study codon usage patterns AI翻译
  作者：Sidi, Tomer; Bahiri-Elitzur, Shir; Tuller, Tamir; Kolodny, Rachel
  作者单位：University of Haifa; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University
  摘要：Selective pressure acts on the codon use, optimizing multiple, overlapping signals that are only partially understood. We trained AI models to predict codons given their amino acid sequence in the eukaryotes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to study the extent to which we can learn patterns in naturally occurring codons to improve predictions. We trained our models on a subset of the proteins and evaluated their pred...
• ANAC044 orchestrates mitochondrial stress signaling to trigger iron- induced stem cell death in root meristems AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Juanmei; Feng, Zhihang; Xiao, Yihui; Zhou, Ming; Zhao, Xiaobo; Lin, Xianyong; Shi, Weiming; Busch, Wolfgang; Li, Baohai
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, CAS; Salk Institute
  摘要：While iron (Fe) is essential for life and plays important roles for almost all growth related processes, it can trigger cell death in both animals and plants. However, the underlying mechanisms for Fe- induced cell death in plants remain largely unknown. S- nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide homeostasis to prevent Fe- induced cell death within root meristems. Here, we found that in the absence of GSNOR, exposure to high Fe treatment resul...
• Glycosylated cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa and enzyme design to modulate their synthesis AI翻译
  作者：Pinkas, Zoe; Khersonsky, Olga; Berman, Paula; Kuzmich, Nikolay; Rogachev, Ilana; Fleishman, Sarel J.; Aharoni, Asaph
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Despite extensive study of its chemical composition and long history of medicinal use, the occurrence of glycosylated cannabinoid derivatives in Cannabis sativa has not been documented to date. Here, we identified glycosylated cannabinoids and their common intermediate olivetolic acid (OA) in various C. sativa tissues and cultivars. We moreover ating activity. Enhancing the water solubility of cannabinoids through glycosylation holds potential for pharmaceutical development and cosmetic applic...
• Active billiards: Engineering boundaries for the spatial control of confined active particles AI翻译
  作者：Di Leonardo, Roberto; Buzas, Andras; Kelemen, Lorand; Toth, David; Toth, Szilvia Z.; Ormos, Pal; Vizsnyiczai, Gaszton
  作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC-CNR)
  摘要：Unlike gas molecules at equilibrium, the spatial organization of self-propelled particles can be very sensitive to what happens at the boundaries of their container. Understanding the link between boundary phenomena and bulk stationary distributions could enable the design of optimized container shapes for the geometric control of confined active particles. Here, we propose a boundary method based on the flux transfer formalism typical of radiometry problems, where surface elements transmit an...
• Urban water security and the historical pools of Jerusalem AI翻译
  作者：Bar-Oz, Guy; Avni, Gideon
  作者单位：University of Haifa
• The Arabidopsis TIPome informs the design of artificial TIP (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain proteins AI翻译
  作者：Bayless, Adam M.; Song, Lijiang; Sorbello, Mitchell; Ogden, Sam C.; Todd, Tyler S.; Flint, Alice; Maruta, Natsumi; Tulu, Jedidiah; Drenichev, Mikhail; Ntoukakis, Vardis; Ve, Thomas; Mobli, Mehdi; Wan, Li; Liu, Qingli; Dangl, Jeffery L.; Kobe, Bostjan; Grant, Murray; Nishimura, Marc T.
  作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Warwick; University of Queensland; University of Queensland; University of Warwick; Russian Academy of Sciences; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS; Griffith University; Griffith University - Gold Coast Campus; University of Queensland; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Syngenta; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
  摘要：The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain is an ancient protein module that functions in immune and cell death responses across the Tree of Life. TIR domains encoded by plants and prokaryotes function as enzymes to produce diverse small molecule immune signals. Plant genomes can encode hundreds of TIR-domain containing proteins-many of which confer important agricultural disease resistance as TIR-NLR (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat) immune receptors. Despite their importance, how n...
• Synovial MS4A4A correlates with inflammation and counteracts response to corticosteroids in arthritis AI翻译
  作者：Boutet, Marie-Astrid; Mattiola, Irene; Silva-Gomes, Rita; Nerviani, Alessandra; Sironi, Marina; Ghirardi, Giulia Maria; Troilo, Alessia; Gianoli, Stefano; Rivellese, Felice; Cubuk, Cankut; Goldmann, Katriona; Putignano, Anna Rita; Di Silvestre, Dario; Lomagno, Andrea; Borroni, Elena Monica; Sobacchi, Cristina; Lewis, Myles J.; Bottazzi, Barbara; Locati, Massimo; Mantovani, Alberto; Pitzalis, Costantino
  作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Nantes Universite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Ecole Nationale Veterinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health; Universidade do Minho; University of Milan; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche (ITB-CNR); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR); Humanitas University
  摘要：MS4A4A belongs to the MS4A tetraspan protein superfamily and is selectively expressed by the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of MS4A4A+ macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and response to treatment. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry of synovial samples from either early treatment-na & iuml;ve or active chronic RA patients showed that MS4A4A expression positively correlated with synovial inflammation. Synovial macrophages from pa...