Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Detecting DNA translocation through a nanopore using a van der Waals heterojunction diode AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Sihan; Huang, Siyuan; Son, Jangyup; Han, Edmund; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Huang, Pinshane Y.; King, William P.; Zande, Arend M. van der; Bashir, Rashid
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Institute for Materials Science; National Institute for Materials Science; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST); Jeonbuk National University
  摘要：A long-unrealized goal in solid-state nanopore sensing is to achieve out-of-plane electrical sensing and control of DNA during translocation, which is a prerequisite for base-by-base ratcheting that enables DNA sequencing in biological nanopores. Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures, with their capability to construct out-of-plane electronics with atomic layer precision, are ideal yet unexplored candidates for use as electrical sensing membranes. Here, we demonstrate a nanopore architecture u...
• Trophic convergence of marine vertebrate communities worldwide AI翻译
  作者：Gonzalez-Trujillo, Juan David; Assis, Jorge; Serrao, Ester; Costello, Mark John; Fragkopoulou, Eliza; Mendoza, Manuel; Araujo, Miguel B.
  作者单位：University of Evora; University of Evora; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Universidade do Algarve; Nord University; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University
  摘要：Biogeographic regions arise due to constraints on species ranges, fostering lineage divergence as a result. Yet, convergent evolution means that evolutionary distinct lineages can share similar characteristics when subjected to similar environmental conditions. The ecological convergence of distinct regions has been demonstrated in terrestrial communities, but it remains uncertain if marine systems exhibit similar patterns, given the greater ease of dispersal in the ocean. Using information on...
• The evolution of robustness and fragility during long- term bacterial adaptation AI翻译
  作者：Chihoub, Doha; Pintard, Coralie; Lenski, Richard E.; Tenaillon, Olivier; Couce, Alejandro
  作者单位：Universidad Politecnica de Madrid; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Paris Cite; Michigan State University; Universite Paris Cite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
  摘要：Theory predicts that well-adapted populations may evolve mechanisms to counteract the inevitable influx of deleterious mutations. While mutational robustness can be directly selected in the laboratory, evidence for its spontaneous evolution during general adaptation is mixed. Moreover, whether robustness evolves to include pleiotropic effects remains largely unexplored. Here, we studied the effects of point mutations in the RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli over a 15,000-generation adaptive t...
• Inhibitory control explains locomotor statistics in walking Drosophila AI翻译
  作者：Gattuso, Hannah C.; van Hassel, Karin A.; Freed, Jacob D.; Nunez, Kavin M.; de la Rea, Beatriz; May, Christina E.; Ermentrout, Bard; Victor, Jonathan D.; Nagel, Katherine I.
  作者单位：New York University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine
  摘要：In order to forage for food, many animals regulate not only specific limb movements but the statistics of locomotor behavior, switching between long-range dispersal and local search depending on resource availability.How premotor circuits regulate locomotor statistics is not clear. Here, we analyze and model locomotor statistics and their modulation by attractive food odor in walking Drosophila. Food odor evokes three motor regimes in flies: baseline walking, upwind running during odor, and se...
• Housing inequality and settlement persistence are associated across the archaeological record AI翻译
  作者：Lawrence, Dan; Bogaard, Amy; Quequezana, Gabriela Cervantes; Chelazzi, Francesca; Feinman, Gary M.; Green, Adam S.; Hamerow, Helena; Munson, Jessica; Ortman, Scott G.; Thompson, Amy E.
  作者单位：Durham University; University of Oxford; The Santa Fe Institute; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
  摘要：Definitions of sustainability commonly stress both systemic continuity and equality over time. However, the degree to which these two sides of sustainability might be related has not been systematically investigated. Recent theoretical and methodological insights have provided archaeologists with new tools for investigating sustainability in premodern societies. Here, we use Gini coefficients on residence size measurements as an estimate of material inequality and information on the persistenc...
• An integrated mechanism of regulation of PLCβ enzymes AI翻译
  作者：Senarath, Kanishka; Fisher, Isaac J.; Jang, Wonjo; Lu, Sumin; Inoue, Asuka; Kostenis, Evi; Lyon, Angeline M.; Lambert, Nevin A.
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Augusta University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Tohoku University; Kyoto University; University of Bonn; Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：Phospholipase C beta (PLC beta) enzymes are the principal effectors activated by Gq heterotrimers. Both G alpha q and G beta gamma subunits can activate PLC beta, which requires precise positioning of PLC beta at the plasma membrane to relieve structural autoinhibition and give the active site access to the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) substrate. PLC beta enzymes possess a unique distal C-terminal domain (dCTD) that is critical for activation by G alpha q, but the reason for th...
• The emergence and loss of cyclic peptides in Nicotiana illuminate dynamics and mechanisms of plant metabolic evolution AI翻译
  作者：Suh, Elliot M.; Reinhardt, Jakob K.; Weng, Jing-Ke; Baldwin, Ian
  作者单位：Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University
  摘要：Specialized metabolism plays a central role in how plants cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses in order to survive and reproduce within dynamic and challenging environments. One recently described class of plant-specific, ribosomally synthesized, and posttranslationally modified peptides are the burpitides, which are characterized by the installation of distinct sidechain macrocycles by enzymes known as burpitide cyclases. While they are found across many plant families and exhibit diver...
• FlgY, PflA, and PflB form a spoke-ring network in the high- torque flagellar motor of Helicobacter pylori AI翻译
  作者：Tachiyama, Shoichi; Rosinke, Kyle; Khan, Mohammad F.; Zhou, Xiaotian; Xin, Yue; Botting, Jack M.; Yue, Jian; Roujeinikova, Anna; Hoover, Timothy R.; Liu, Jun
  作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Monash University; Monash University
  摘要：Helicobacter pylori has evolved distinct flagellar motility to colonize the human stomach. Rotation of the H. pylori flagella is driven by one of the largest known bacterial flagellar motors. In addition to the core motor components found in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, the flagellar motor in H. pylori possesses many accessories that enable the bacteria to penetrate the gastric mucus layer. Here, we utilize cryoelectron tomography with molecular genetics and biochemical approaches...
• Genomic signatures associated with the evolutionary loss of egg yolk in parasitoid wasps AI翻译
  作者：Zhao, Xianxin; Liu, Yuanyuan; Yuan, Bo; Cao, Zhichao; Yang, Yi; He, Chun; Chan, Kevin C.; Xiao, Shan; Lin, Haiwei; Fang, Qi; Ye, Gongyin; Ye, Xinhai
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang A&F University; Zhejiang A&F University
  摘要：Trait regression and loss have occurred repeatedly in numerous lineages in response to environmental changes. In parasitoid wasps, a megadiverse group of hymenopteran insects, yolk protein reduction or loss has been observed in many species, likely linked to the transition from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism. However, the genetic basis of this trait and the impact of its loss on genome evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 64 hymenopteran in...
• Tetrathienylethene- based porous framework composites for boosting photocatalytic antibacterial activity AI翻译
  作者：Ma, Si; Lam, Yintung; Shi, Le; Yang, Jian; Wang, Kun; Yu, Bo; Kan, Chiwai; Fei, Bin; Xin, John H.; Ma, Kaikai; Stoddart, J. Fraser; Chen, Zhijie
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; University of Hong Kong; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; University of New South Wales Sydney
  摘要：In order to reduce the risk of high-threat pathogens, a photocatalytic antibacterial method with a reputation for high efficiency and sustainability has attracted widespread attention. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as desirable platforms for photocatalytic applications by virtue of their structural diversity and functional adjustability. Herein, we report that we have synthesized a stable and photosensitive zirconium-based MOF (Zr-MOF) with a photoactive tetrathienylet...