Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• The genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across crops with contrasting reproductive systems AI翻译
  作者：Peng, Yanling; Wang, Yiwen; Liu, Yuting; Fang, Xinyue; Cheng, Lin; Long, Qiming; Su, Dalu; Zhang, Tianhao; Shi, Xiaoya; Xu, Xiaodong; Xu, Qi; Wang, Nan; Zhang, Fan; Liu, Zhongjie; Xiao, Hua; Yao, Jin; Tian, Ling; Hu, Wei; Chen, Songbi; Wang, Haibo; Huang, Sanwen; Gaut, Brandon S.; Zhou, Yongfeng
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Shenzhen Polytechnic University; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; University of California System; University of California Irvine
  摘要：Hemizygous genes, which are present on only one of the two homologous chromosomes of diploid organisms, have been mainly studied in the context of sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes. However, these genes can also occur on the autosomes of diploid plants due to structural variants (SVs), such as a deletion/insertion of one allele, and this phenomenon largely unexplored in plants. Here, we investigated the genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across 22 genomes with varying pro...
• The structure of full- length AFPK supports the ACP linker in a role that regulates iterative polyketide and fatty acid assembly AI翻译
  作者：Schubert, Heidi L.; Li, Feng; Hill, Christopher P.; Schmidt, Eric W.
  作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
  摘要：The polyketide synthases (PKSs) in microbes and the cytoplasmic fatty acid synthases in humans (FASs) are related enzymes that have been well studied. As a result, there is a paradigm explaining in general terms how FASs repeatedly use a set of enzymatic domains to produce simple fats, while PKSs use the domains in a much more complex manner to produce pharmaceuticals and other elaborate molecules. However, most animals also have PKSs that do not conform to the rules described in microbes, inc...
• Thermal-solutal-induced bistability of evaporating multicomponent liquid thin films AI翻译
  作者：Wakata, Yuki; Wang, Feng; Sun, Chao; Lohse, Detlef
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Max Planck Society
  摘要：Volatile multicomponent liquid films show rich dynamics, due to the complex interplay of gradients in temperature and in solute concentrations. Here, we study the evaporation dynamics of a tricomponent liquid film, consisting of water, ethanol, and trans-anethole oil (known as ouzo'). With the preferential evaporation of ethanol, cellular convective structures are observed both in the thermal patterns and in the nucleated oil droplet patterns. However, the feature sizes of these two patterns c...
• Managing protected areas takes a village AI翻译
  作者：Burivalova, Zuzana; Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University Antananarivo
• Bioluminescence imaging of Smad signaling in living mice shows correlation with excitotoxic neurodegeneration (2006; 10.1073/pnas.0605077103 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.103 , 18326-18331) AI翻译
  作者：Luo, Jian; Lin, Amy H.; Masliah, Eliezer; Wyss-Coray, Tony
• ANKRD11 binding to cohesin suggests a connection between KBG syndrome and Cornelia de Lange syndrome AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Haiyang; Li, Hao; Cai, Qixu; Zhang, Jie; Zhong, Hongxin; Hu, Gongcheng; Zhao, Shuaizhu; Lu, Yuli; Mao, Yudi; Lu, Youming; Yao, Hongjie; Zhang, Mingjie
  作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Xiamen University; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine & Health, CAS; Guangzhou Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：Ankyrin Repeat Domain- containing Protein 11 (ANKRD11) is a causative gene for a highly confident autism spectrum disorder gene. Mutations of ANKRD11 lead to developmental abnormalities in multiple organs/tissues including the brain, craniofacial and skeletal bones, and tooth structures with unknown mechanism(s). Here, we find that ANKRD11, via a short peptide fragment in its N- terminal region, binds to the cohesin complex with a high affinity, implicating why ANKRD11 mutation can cause CdLS....
• SIV monoclonal antibody administration spanning treatment interruption in macaques delays viral rebound and selects escape variants AI翻译
  作者：King, Hannah A. D.; Brammer, Daniel; Lewitus, Eric; Fennessey, Christine M.; Manalang, Kimberly M.; Shrader, Hannah R.; Andrew, Shayne; Kuri, Phillip; Lind, Matthew; Pham, Phuc; Sanders-Buell, Eric; Bai, Hongjun; Mason, Rosemarie; Song, Kaimei; Mccarthy, Elizabeth; Hait, Sabrina Helmold; Todd, John - Paul; Pegu, Amarendra; Foulds, Kathryn E.; Lifson, Jeffrey D.; Keele, Brandon F.; Rolland, Morgane; Roederer, Mario; Bolton, Diane L.
  作者单位：Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR); United States Department of Defense; United States Army; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
  摘要：HIV- 1 envelope broadly neutralizing antibodies represent a promising component of HIV- 1 cure strategies. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a rigorous nonhuman primate model, we tested different combinations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) neutralizing mAbs in SIVmac251- infected rhesus macaques. Antiretroviral therapy- suppressed animals received anti-SIV mAbs targeting multiple Env epitopes spanning analytical treatment interruption (...
• Random noise promotes slow heterogeneous synaptic dynamics important for robust working memory computation AI翻译
  作者：Rungratsameetaweemana, Nuttida; Kim, Robert; Chotibut, Thiparat; Sejnowski, Terrence J.
  作者单位：Columbia University; Salk Institute; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Chulalongkorn University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based on model neurons that communicate via continuous signals have been widely used to study how cortical neural circuits perform cognitive tasks. Training such networks to perform tasks that require information maintenance over a brief period (i.e., working memory tasks) remains a challenge. Inspired by the robust information maintenance observed in higher cortical areas such as the prefrontal cortex, despite substantial inherent noise, we investigated the ef...
• A distributed subcortical circuit linked to instrumental information- seeking about threat AI翻译
  作者：Trier, Hailey A.; Khalighinejad, Nima; Hamilton, Sorcha; Harbison, Caroline; Priestley, Luke; Laubach, Mark; Klein-Fluegge, Miriam; Scholl, Jacqueline; Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
  作者单位：University of Oxford; American University; University of Oxford; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); University of Oxford
  摘要：Daily life for humans and other animals requires switching between periods of threatand reward- oriented behavior. We investigated neural activity associated with spontaneous switching, in a naturalistic task, between foraging for rewards and seeking information about potential threats with 7T fMRI in healthy humans. Switching was driven by estimates of likelihood of threat and reward. Both tracking of threat and switching to a vigilant mode in which people sought more information about potent...
• Pore pressure inhibits clustering of induced earthquakes in Western Canada AI翻译
  作者：Li, Bing Q.
  作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
  摘要：Induced earthquakes are manifestations of highly heterogeneous distributions of effective stress changes imparted by anthropogenic activities such as hydraulic fracturing and wastewater injection. It is critical to disentangle the mechanisms behind these earthquakes to better assess seismic risk. Here, a clustering methodology is applied to a catalog of 21,536 induced earthquakes detected during a 36-d hydraulic stimulation program in Western Canada. The results reveal that clustered events nu...