Family relations of Moche elite burials on the North Coast of Peru (∼500 CE): Analyses of the Senora de Cao and relatives

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Quilter, Jeffrey; Jordan, Regulo Fanco; Harkins, Kelly; Marsh, Erik; Prieto, Gabriel; Verano, John; Leblanc, Steven; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Krigbaum, John; Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
• 署名单位: Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10612
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2416321121
• 发表日期: 2025-01-07
• 关键词: ancient dna; lead; strontium; sequence; insights; cave

摘要

The Moche archaeological culture flourished along Peru's North Coast between the 4th and 10th centuries CE and was characterized by a complex social hierarchy dominated by political and religious elites. Previous archaeological evidence suggests kinship was a key factor in maintaining political authority within Moche society. To test this hypothesis, we applied archaeological, genetic, and isotopic methods to examine familial relationships between six individuals, including the prominent Senora de Cao (similar to 500 CE), buried together in a pyramid-like, painted temple, Huaca Cao Viejo, in the Chicama Valley, Peru. Our findings reveal that all six individuals were biologically related, with varying degrees of kinship. The Senora de Cao was interred with a sacrificed juvenile, identified as a possible niece, and at least one, and potentially two siblings and a grandparent in separate tombs nearby. One of the male siblings was accompanied in death by his sacrificed son. Isotopic analysis indicates that while most individuals had diets rich in maize and animal protein and spent their childhoods in or near the Chicama Valley, the sacrificed juvenile accompanying the Senora had a distinct diet and geographic origin. These results demonstrate that Moche elites were interred with family members, including some raised far from their parental homes. This supports the hypothesis that kinship was central to transmitting status and authority. Moreover, sacrificing family members to accompany deceased elites underscores the significance of ritual sacrifice in reinforcing familial ties and linking the deceased to both ancestors and the divine.