Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Can AI weather models predict out-of-distribution gray swan tropical cyclones? AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Y. Qiang; Hassanzadeh, Pedram; Zand, Mohsen; Chattopadhyay, Ashesh; Weare, Jonathan; Abbot, Dorian S.
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; New York University
  摘要：Predicting gray swan weather extremes, which are possible but so rare that they are absent from the training dataset, is a major concern for AI weather models and long-term climate emulators. An important open question is whether AI models can extrapolate from weaker weather events present in the training set to stronger, unseen weather extremes. To test this, we train independent versions of the AI weather model FourCastNet on the 1979-2015 ERA5 dataset with all data, or with Category 3-5 tro...
• A tethering mechanism underlies Pin1-catalyzed proline cis-trans isomerization at a noncanonical site AI翻译
  作者：Williams, Christopher C.; Chuck, Jonathan; Munoz-Tello, Paola; Kojetin, Douglas J.
  作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
  摘要：The prolyl isomerase Pin1 catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds, a noncovalent posttranslational modification that influences cellular and molecular processes, including protein-protein interactions. Pin1 is a two-domain enzyme containing a WW domain that recognizes phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pS/pT-P) canonical motifs and an enzymatic PPIase domain that catalyzes proline cis-trans isomerization of pS/pT-P motifs. Here, we show that Pin1 uses a tethering m...
• Born too young or too blue tips the scaling of a folded brain AI翻译
  作者：McQuillen, Patrick S.; Harasymiw, Lauren
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco
• Accurate, scalable, and fully automated inference of species trees from raw genome assemblies using ROADIES AI翻译
  作者：Gupta, Anshu; Mirarab, Siavash; Turakhia, Yatish
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Current genome sequencing initiatives across a wide range of life forms offer significant potential to enhance our understanding of evolutionary relationships and support transformative biological and medical applications. Species trees play a central role in many of these applications; however, despite the widespread availability of genome assemblies, accurate inference of species trees remains challenging due to the limited automation, substantial domain expertise, and computational resource...
• NF-κB- mediated developmental delay extends lifespan in Drosophila AI翻译
  作者：Kang, Ping; Liu, Peiduo; Hu, Yanhui; Kim, Jinoh; Kumar, Ankur; Hayes, Marlene K. Dorneich -; Murzyn, Wren; Anderson, Zenessa J.; Frank, Lexi N.; Kavlock, Nicholas; Hoffman, Elizabeth; Martin, Chad C.; Miao, Ting; Shimell, Maryjane; Coffman, Jo Anne Powell -; O'Connor, Michael B.; Perrimon, Norbert; Bai, Hua
  作者单位：Iowa State University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：Developmental time (or time to maturity) strongly correlates with an animal's maximum lifespan, with late-maturing individuals often living longer. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. This may be because most previously identified longevity genes regulate growth rate rather than developmental time. To address this gap, we genetically manipulated prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the primary regulator of developmental timing in Drosophila, to expl...
• Mechanism and application of thiol-disul fide redox biosensors with a fluorescence- lifetime readout AI翻译
  作者：Rosen, Paul C.; Glaser, Andrew; Martinez-Francois, Juan R.; Lim, Daniel C.; Brooks, Daniel J.; Fu, Panhui; Kim, Erica; Kern, Dorothee; Yellen, Gary
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Brandeis University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：Genetically encoded biosensors with changes in fluorescence lifetime (as opposed to fluorescence intensity) can quantify small molecules in complex contexts, even in vivo. However, lifetime-readout sensors are poorly understood at a molecular level, complicating their development. Although there are many sensors that have fluorescence-intensity changes, there are currently only a few with fluorescence-lifetime changes. Here, we optimized two biosensors for thiol-disulfide redox (RoTq-Off and R...
• TCP3 is a substrate of the COPT/SPA ubiquitin ligase to regulate anthocyanin accumulation and flowering time in Arabidopsis AI翻译
  作者：Tao, Ruiyan; Trivedi, Ira; Trimborn, Laura; Ponnu, Jathish; Toth, Blanka Violetta; Hoecker, Ute
  作者单位：University of Cologne; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  摘要：COP1 is a conserved ubiquitin ligase found in plants and animals. In plants, COP1 acts together with SPA proteins to suppress light signaling in darkness by promoting the degradation of transcription factors involved in photomorphogenesis. Substrates of this ubiquitin ligase share a Valine-Proline (VP) motif that interacts with the WD-repeat domain of COP1 in plants and humans. Here, we have identified the transcription factor TCP3 as a noncanonical substrate of COP1/SPA that lacks a VP motif....
• Achievement (not effort) makes people feel entitled to rewards AI翻译
  作者：Cusimano, Corey; Kim, Jin; Wong, Jared
  作者单位：Yale University; Northeastern University
  摘要：It is common to say that people feel entitled to rewards-they think they have earned or deserve them-based on their effort and achievement. However, effort and achievement draw on different principles to justify reward. They can also conflict over when people should feel entitled to rewards. These observations raise the question: In everyday settings, do people feel entitled to rewards because of their effort, achievement, or some combination of the two? To determine how effort and achievement...
• Bayesian phylodynamic inference of population dynamics with dormancy AI翻译
  作者：Cappello, Lorenzo; Lo, Wai Tung 'Jack'; Zhang, Joy Z.; Xu, Peiyu; Barrow, Daniel; Chopra, Ishani; Clark, Andrew G.; Wells, Martin T.; Kim, Jaehee
  作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：Many organisms employ reversible dormancy, or seedbank, in response to environmental fluctuations. This life-history strategy alters fundamental ecoevolutionary forces, leading to distinct patterns of genetic diversity. Two models of dormancy have been proposed based on the average duration of dormancy relative to coalescent timescales: weak seedbank, induced by scheduled seasonality (e.g., plants, invertebrates), and strong seedbank, where individuals stochastically switch between active and ...
• Diane E. Griffin, physician-scientist extraordinaire AI翻译
  作者：Casadevall, Arturo; Hardwick, J. Marie
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health