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作者：Freedman, Seth; Lin, Haizhen; Simon, Kosali
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; IU Kelley School of Business; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper explores the effects of public health insurance expansions on hospitals' decisions to adopt medical technology. Specifically, we test whether the expansion of Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women during the 19805 and 1990s affects hospitals' decisions to adopt neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). While Medicaid expansion provided new insurance to a substantial number of pregnant women, prior literature also finds that some newly insured women would otherwise have been covered b...
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作者：Bosmans, Kristof; Decancq, Koen; Ooghe, Erwin
作者单位：Maastricht University; University of Antwerp; KU Leuven; Universite Catholique Louvain; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：We argue that normative indices of multidimensional inequality do not only measure a distribution's extent of inequity (i.e., the gaps between the better-off and the worse-off), but also its extent of inefficiency (i.e., the non-realized mutually beneficial exchanges of goods). We provide a decomposition that allows us to quantify these two parts of inequality. Strikingly, the inequity component turns out to be a two-stage measure, that is, a measure that applies a unidimensional inequality me...
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作者：Boone, Jan
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：This paper introduces a tractable model of health insurance with both moral hazard and adverse selection. We show that government sponsored universal basic insurance should cover treatments with the biggest adverse selection problems. Treatments not covered by basic insurance can be covered on the private supplementary insurance market. Surprisingly, the cost effectiveness of a treatment does not affect its priority to be covered by basic insurance. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Jack, B. Kelsey; Recalde, Maria P.
作者单位：Tufts University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：We conduct a controlled field experiment in 52 communities in rural Bolivia to investigate the effect that local authorities have on voluntary public good provision. In our study, community members pool resources to provide environmental education material for local schools. We find that voluntary contributions increase when democratically elected local authorities lead by example. The results are driven by two factors: (1) authorities, like other individuals, give more when they are called up...
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作者：Balsvik, Ragnhild; Jensen, Sissel; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We analyze whether increased exposure to import competition from China threatens the Nordic model. We find negative employment effects for low-skilled workers, and observe that low-skilled workers tend to be pushed into unemployment or leave the labor force altogether. We find no evidence of wage effects. We partly expect this in a Nordic model where firms are flexible at the employment margin, while centralized wage bargaining provides less flexibility at the wage margin. The import shock is ...
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作者：Echazu, Luciana; Nocetti, Diego
作者单位：Clarkson University
摘要：The current consensus is that, due to the free rider problem, a theory of charitable giving based exclusively on altruism cannot explain the levels of contributions and participation observed in the data. In contrast in this paper we demonstrate that altruism may have more predictive power than previously understood. We present a model in which the object of altruism is a large number of potential recipients of a good for which there is a target level of provision (e.g. an acute malnutrition t...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Zablotsky, Alexander
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies the effect of mothers' education on fertility in a mostly Muslim population with very low female labor force participation. We first show that a removal of travel restrictions on Israeli Arabs had raised female education and had almost no effect on male education. Next, we show that it lowered fertility rates among exposed women, which we interpret as an effect of female education on fertility. We rule out labor-force participation, age at marriage, marriage and divorce rate...
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作者：Goyal, Sanjeev; Vigier, Adrien
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Oslo
摘要：Individuals respond to the risk of contagious infections by restricting interaction and by investing in protection. We develop a model that examines the trade-off between these two actions and the consequences for infection rates. There exists a unique equilibrium: individuals who invest in protection choose to interact more relative to those who do not invest in protection. Changes in the contagiousness of the disease have non-monotonic effects: as a result interaction initially falls and the...
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作者：Moore, Timothy J.
作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Few social security disability insurance (DI) beneficiaries return to the labor force, making it hard to assess their likely employment in the absence of benefits. Using administrative data, I examine the employment of individuals who lost DI eligibility after the 1996 removal of drug and alcohol addictions as qualifying conditions. Approximately 22% started working at levels that would have disqualified them for DI, an employment response that is large relative to their work histories. Those ...
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作者：Schmitz, Patrick W.
作者单位：University of Cologne; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The government and a non-governmental organization (NGO) can invest in the provision of a public good. Who should be the owner of the public project? In an incomplete contracting model in which ex post negotiations are without frictions, the party that values the public good most should be the owner, regardless of technological aspects. However, under the plausible assumption that there are bargaining frictions, the optimal ownership structure depends on technological aspects and on the partie...
