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作者：Hoy, Michael; Polborn, Mattias K.
作者单位：University of Guelph; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：We model the effect of safety technology improvements in a symmetric game in which each player's payoff depends on his own precaution and the other players' average precaution. We derive conditions under which an improved technology increases or decreases players' equilibrium utilities. For mandatory safety technologies, the direction of the welfare effect depends on whether the externality between players is positive or negative, and on whether the technology improvement is a complement or su...
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作者：Fochesato, Mattia; Bowles, Samuel
作者单位：University of Siena; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：In what respect, if any, are the Nordic economies exceptionally egalitarian when viewed from a world historical perspective? Our answer is based on archaeological, historical and ethnographic as well as contemporary evidence over the past three thousand years. The countries exemplifying the Nordic model are not exceptionally equal in the ownership of material wealth. Moreover, the advent of social democracy in the Nordic nations did not result in a more equal distribution of years of schooling...
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作者：Viard, V. Brian; Fu, Shihe
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
摘要：We evaluate the pollution and labor supply reductions from Beijing's driving restrictions. Causal effects are identified from both time-series and spatial variation in air quality and intra-day variation in television viewership. Based on daily data from multiple monitoring stations, air pollution falls 21% during one-day-per-week restrictions. Based on hourly television viewership data, viewership during the restrictions increases by 9 to 17% for workers with discretionary work time but is un...
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作者：Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Roy, Joydeep
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Columbia University
摘要：Local financing of public schools in the U.S. leads to a bundling of two distinct choices - residential choice and school choice - and has been argued to increase the degree of socioeconomic segregation across school districts. A school finance reform, aimed at equalization of school finances, can in principle weaken this link between housing choice and choice of schools. In this paper, we study the impacts of the Michigan school finance reform of 1994 (Proposal A) on spatial segregation. The ...
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作者：Dulleck, Uwe; Wigger, Berthold U.
作者单位：Queensland University of Technology (QUT); Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
摘要：We propose an argument for fiscal restraints that is based on the premise that the services of politicians are credence goods. Politicians are experts who specialize in observing the true state of the economy. Budget maximizing politicians are better informed than the electorate about the level of public spending necessary to manage public affairs. Voters, who are able to observe the size of the budget but not the necessary level of spending, affect the government's spending behavior via elect...
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作者：Andersson, Elvira; Lundborg, Petter; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Lund University; Lund University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Uppsala University; Uppsala University
摘要：In this paper, we study the short-run effect of salary receipt on mortality among Swedish public sector employees. By exploiting variation in paydays across work-places, we completely control for mortality patterns related to, for example, public holidays and other special days or events coinciding with paydays and for general within-month and within-week mortality patterns. We find a dramatic increase in mortality on the day that salaries arrive. The increase is especially pronounced for youn...
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作者：Weng, Qian; Carlsson, Fredrik
作者单位：Renmin University of China; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Common identity and peer punishment have been identified as crucial means to reduce free riding and promote cooperation in teams. This paper examines the relative importance of these two mechanisms under two income distributions in team cooperation. In a repeated public good experiment, we use different combinations of homogeneous/heterogeneous endowments, strong/weak identity, and absence/presence of peer punishment. We find that without punishment, a strong identity can raise cooperation in ...
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作者：Corazzini, Luca; Cotton, Christopher; Valbonesi, Paola
作者单位：University of Messina; Bocconi University; Queens University - Canada; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); University of Padua
摘要：We present results from an experiment with multiple public goods, where each good produces benefits only if total contributions to it reach a minimum threshold. The presence of multiple public goods makes coordination among participants more difficult, discouraging donor participation and decreasing the likelihood of any public good being effectively funded. Applied to the case of fundraising, the results show how overall donations and the number of effectively funded projects may both decreas...
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作者：Roemer, John E.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：Although evidence accrues in biology, anthropology and experimental economics that homo sapiens is a cooperative species, the reigning assumption in economic theory is that individuals optimize in an autarkic manner (as in Nash and Walrasian equilibrium). I here postulate a cooperative kind of optimizing behavior, called Kantian. It is shown that in simple economic models, when there are negative externalities (such as congestion effects from use of a commonly owned resource) or positive exter...
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作者：Fox, Justin; Van Weelden, Richard
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Chicago
摘要：We explore the incentives for a career-minded policymaker to take preventative action to protect a principal against a possible crisis. The policymaker's ability and the action he takes are unobserved, but the principal draws inferences about the policymaker's ability based on the resulting outcome before deciding whether to retain him. When the crisis is potentially catastrophic, it is in the principal's interest for the policymaker to take preventative action. However, when the crisis is suf...
