2015

最新文章

• Reducing binge drinking? The effect of a ban on late-night off-premise alcohol sales on alcohol-related hospital stays in Germany AI翻译
  作者：Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Hamburg
  摘要：Excessive alcohol consumption among young people is a major public health concern. On March 1, 2010, the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg banned the sale of alcoholic beverages between 10 pm and 5 am at off-premise outlets (e.g., gas stations, kiosks, supermarkets). We use rich monthly administrative data from a 70% random sample of all hospitalizations during the years 2007-2011 in Germany in order to evaluate the short-term impact of this policy on alcohol-related hospitalizations. Applying...
• The tenuous relationship between effort and performance pay AI翻译
  作者：Kvaloy, Ola; Olsen, Trond E.
  作者单位：Universitetet i Stavanger; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
  摘要：When an agent is offered performance related pay, the incentive effect is not only determined by the shape of the incentive contract, but also by the probability of contract enforcement We show that weaker enforcement may reduce the agent's effort, but lead to higher-powered incentive contracts. This creates a seemingly negative relationship between effort and performance pay. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Universal coverage with supply-side reform: The impact on medical expenditure risk and utilization in Thailand AI翻译
  作者：Limwattananon, Supon; Neelsen, Sven; O'Donnell, Owen; Prakongsai, Phusit; Tangcharoensathien, Viroj; van Doorslaer, Eddy; Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan
  作者单位：Ministry of Public Health - Thailand; Khon Kaen University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; University of Macedonia
  摘要：We estimate the impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditure of a major reform in Thailand that greatly extended health insurance coverage to achieve universality while implementing supply-side measures intended to deliver cost-effective care from an increased, but modest, public health budget. Difference-in-differences comparison of groups to whom coverage was extended or deepened with those whose coverage did not change indicates that the reform reduced OOP expenditure by 28% on average...
• Optimal higher education enrollment and productivity externalities in a two-sector model AI翻译
  作者：Meier, Volker; Schiopu, Ioana
  作者单位：University of Munich; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
  摘要：We analyze the optimal share of the skilled workforce over the course of development with two sectors using skilled and unskilled labor respectively, and technological spillovers from higher education enrollment. Productivity in each sector depends on the average quality of workers and the size of the workforce. When skill-biased technological change prevails, this structure of externalities coupled with the endogenous ability sorting of workers may well produce a pattern of overenrollment in ...
• Political accountability and sequential policymaking AI翻译
  作者：de Mesquita, Ethan Bueno; Landa, Dimitri
  作者单位：University of Chicago; New York University
  摘要：We develop a model of political accountability with sequential policymaking. When a bureaucrat's actions are transparent, his overseer faces a political time inconsistency problem-she is tempted to revise her retention rule in the middle of the policymaking process. As a result, the bureaucrat's equilibrium behavior overemphasizes later tasks. If the overseer knows the technology by which policies translate into outcomes, then she can eliminate these distortions using task-specific budget caps...
• Productivity returns to experience in the teacher labor market: Methodological challenges and new evidence on long-term career improvement AI翻译
  作者：Papay, John P.; Kraft, Matthew A.
  作者单位：Brown University
  摘要：We present new evidence on the relationship between teacher productivity and job experience. Econometric challenges require identifying assumptions to model the within-teacher returns to experience with teacher fixed effects. We describe the identifying assumptions used in past models and in a new approach that we propose, and we demonstrate how violations of these assumptions can lead to substantial bias. Consistent with past research, we find that teachers experience rapid productivity impro...
• Losing my religion: The effects of religious scandals on religious participation and charitable giving AI翻译
  作者：Bottan, Nicolas L.; Perez-Truglia, Ricardo
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Microsoft
  摘要：We study how the U.S. Catholic clergy abuse scandals affected religious participation, religious beliefs, and pro-social behavior. To estimate the causal effects of the scandals on various outcomes, we conduct an event-study analysis that exploits the fine distribution of the scandals over space and time. First, a scandal causes a significant and long-lasting decline in religious participation in the zip code where it occurs. Second, the decline in religious participation does not generate a s...
• Public child care and mothers' labor supply-Evidence from two quasi-experiments AI翻译
  作者：Bauernschuster, Stefan; Schlotter, Martin
  作者单位：University of Passau; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：Public child care is expected to assist families in reconciling work with family life. Yet, empirical evidence for the relevance of public child care to maternal employment is inconclusive. We exploit the introduction of a legal claim to a place in kindergarten in Germany, which was contingent on day-of-birth cut-off dates and resulted in a marked increase in kindergarten attendance of three-year olds in the following years. Instrumental variable and difference-in-differences estimations on tw...