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作者：Calabrese, Stephen; Epple, Dennis; Romano, Richard
作者单位：Qatar Foundation (QF); Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We examine majority choice of tax instruments in an economy with heterogeneous households. In our framework majority voting equilibrium exists despite the multidimensional policy choice set. We examine single and multi-jurisdictional economies. We identify five competing incentives that influence choice of tax instruments. Equilibria generally entail a mixture of tax types. With multiple jurisdictions, strong reliance on head taxation in rich communities arises to deter poorer households from ...
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作者：Jacobsen, Grant D.
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：The growth of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in the number of consumer or user product ratings, which are posted online by individuals who have consumed a good, and are available to other individuals as they make decisions about which products to purchase. These ratings have the potential to substantially improve the match between products and consumers, however the extent to which they do so likely depends on whether the ratings reflect actual consumer experiences. This paper eva...
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Lorenceau, Adrien; Quantin, Simon
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; INRAE; Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes a tax credit program targeted at rural areas in France, including temporary and permanent wage subsidies on different types of jobs. We find no impact of the program on employment and wages, pointing to the absence of labor demand response. Comparison with a contemporaneous urban scheme suggests ways that the incentives of the rural program could be targeted more effectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Amir, Rabah; Burr, Chrystie
作者单位：University of Iowa; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：The paper investigates the effects of corruption in the entry-certifying process on market structure and social welfare for a Cournot industry with linear demand and costs. To gain entry, a firm must pay a bribe-maximizing official a fixed percentage of anticipated profit, in addition to the usual set-up cost. This would lead to a monopoly, but only in markets without pre-existing or shadow-economy firms. A benevolent social planner may preempt the harmful effects of corruption by either manip...
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作者：Marx, Benjamin M.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Regulations to curb tax avoidance and evasion through charitable foundations have been in place since the Tax Reform Act of 1969. Newly-compiled longitudinal data makes it possible to estimate the effects of these regulations by comparing affected and unaffected foundations before and after the reform. Donations and entry dropped precipitously. Proxy variables suggest significant deterrence of abuses, but half of the decline in donations can be explained by the increased cost of running a foun...
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作者：Barth, Erling; Moene, Karl O.; Willumsen, Fredrik
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：The small open economies in Scandinavia have for long periods had high work effort, small wage differentials, high productivity, and a generous welfare state. To understand how this might be an economic and political equilibrium we combine models of collective wage bargaining, creative job destruction, and welfare spending. The two-tier system of wage bargaining provides microeconomic efficiency and wage compression. Combined with a vintage approach to the process of creative destruction we sh...
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作者：Baskaran, Thushyanthan; Min, Brian; Uppal, Yogesh
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Ohio; Youngstown State University
摘要：We present evidence from India showing that state governments induce electoral cycles in electricity service provision. Our data and research strategy allow us to build on models of political business cycles and targeted distribution in two important ways. First, we demonstrate that by manipulating the flow of critical inputs into economic activity like electricity, elected leaders can influence economic outcomes even in contexts where they have constrained fiscal capacity. Second, we identify...
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作者：Aronsson, Thomas; Johansson-Stenman, Olof
作者单位：Umea University; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Recent evidence suggests that social comparisons between people in different countries have become more important over time due to globalization. This paper deals with optimal nonlinear income taxation in an international setting, where consumers derive utility from their relative consumption compared both with other domestic residents and people in another country. The optimal tax policy in our framework reflects both correction for positional externalities and redistributive aspects of such ...
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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmas, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd Rune
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen; Universidade do Minho; University of Bergen
摘要：This paper studies the effects of price regulation and parallel imports in the on-patent pharmaceutical market. In a theory model where the producer price is subject to bargaining between the brand-name producer and a distributor, we show that the effects of stricter price regulation crucially depend on whether the producer faces competition from parallel imports. While parallel imports improve the bargaining position of the distributor, price regulation counteracts this effect and may even be...
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作者：Kim, Hyuncheol Bryant; Lim, Wilfredo
作者单位：Cornell University; Mathematica
摘要：This paper provides empirical evidence on the short-run impact of government subsidies of long-term care. We apply a regression discontinuity design using administrative data from South Korea to estimate the first-year impact of subsidies for formal home and institutional care on informal care use and medical expenditures. These subsidies lead to increases in formal long-term care utilization, even when accounting for crowd out of private spending. Our main finding is that the benefits of subs...
