-
作者：Abott, Carolyn; Kogan, Vladimir; Lavertu, Stephane; Peskowitz, Zachary
作者单位：St. John's University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Emory University
摘要：We use close tax elections to estimate the impact of school district funding increases on operational spending and student outcomes across seven states. Districts with passing levies directed new revenue toward support services and instructor salaries but did not increase teacher staffing levels. These districts eventually realized gains in student achievement and attainment. Our preferred estimates imply that increasing operational spending by $1000 per pupil increased test scores by approxim...
-
作者：Bolhaar, Jonneke; Ketel, Nadine; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：In this paper we focus on the role of caseworkers in the assignment and take-up of welfare-to-work programs. We conduct a field experiment that generates exogenous variation in the assignment of caseworkers to different policy regimes. The experiment allows us to provide evidence on the effectiveness of welfare-to-work programs and to study how caseworkers exploit their discretion in assigning these programs to welfare recipients. We find substantial heterogeneity in how caseworkers assign wel...
-
作者：Crutzen, Benoit S. Y.; Flamand, Sabine; Sahuguet, Nicolas
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：We develop a model of a team contest for multiple, indivisible prizes. Team members exert costly effort to improve their team's success. We analyze two intrateam allocation rules. Under a list rule, prizes are allocated according to a predetermined list. Under an egalitarian rule, prizes are allocated according to a fair lottery. We show that which allocation rule maximizes team success depends on the degree of complementarity between members' efforts and the convexity of the individual cost o...
-
作者：Allcott, Hunt; Boxell, Levi; Conway, Jacob; Gentzkow, Matthew; Thaler, Michael; Yang, David
作者单位：Microsoft; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：We study partisan differences in Americans' response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which Republicans and Democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce disease transmission. We develop a simple model of a pandemic response with heterogeneous agents that clarifies the causes and consequences of heterogeneous responses. We use lo...
-
作者：Kong, Edward; Prinz, Daniel
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：We use high-frequency Google search data, combined with data on the announcement dates of non pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. states, to disentangle the short-run direct impacts of multiple different state-level NPIs in an event study framework. Exploiting differential timing in the announcements of restaurant and bar limitations, non-essential business closures, stay-at-home orders, large-gatherings bans, school closures, and emergency declarations, we...
-
作者：Leslie, Emily; Wilson, Riley
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an economic slowdown as more people practice social distancing and shelter at home. The increase in family isolation, unemployment, and economic stress has the potential to increase domestic violence. We document the pandemic's impact on police calls for service for domestic violence. The pandemic increased domestic violence calls by 7.5% during March through May of 2020, with effects concentrated during the first five weeks after social distancing began. The i...
-
作者：Kumar, Anil; Liang, Che-Yuan
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas; Uppsala University
摘要：We explore elasticity heterogeneity in the estimation of the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) and propose potentially valid instruments. We show that previously used instruments are not valid and yield weighted averages of ETIs of different taxpayers plus a bias. Using the NBER tax panel for 1979-1990, we find a weighted average ETI of 0.57 when using all available variation in budget set changes provided by the tax reforms in the data. Our results also demonstrate that elasticity heterogene...
-
作者：Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; Gonzalez, Kathryn; Lagos, Francisco; Deming, David J.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Harvard University
摘要：We conducted a randomized controlled trial of an information intervention to evaluate the effects of providing information to families on their children's reading and math achievement in a mid-size city in Colombia. Most families are poorly informed about their children's performance, but our information intervention closes the gap between beliefs and performance and induces some behavioral response among parents in the treatment group. We find positive impacts on student achievement of 0.09 S...
-
作者：Rommel, Tobias; Schaudt, Paul
作者单位：Technical University of Munich; University of St Gallen
摘要：This paper investigates a new mechanism to explain politically induced changes in bilateral aid. We argue that shifts in the foreign policy alignment between a donor and a recipient country following leadership changes induce reallocation of aid. Utilizing data from the G7 and 130 developing countries between 1975 and 2012 and employing high dimensional fixed effects models, we show that incoming leaders in recipient countries, which politically converge towards their current donors, receive m...
-
作者：Han, Jeehoon; Meyer, Bruce D.; Sullivan, James X.
作者单位：Zhejiang University; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper examines inequality in both leisure and consumption over the past four decades. Using time use surveys stretching from 1975 to 2016, we estimate the distribution of leisure time conditional on hours worked and other individual level and family level characteristics. We show that these characteristics, especially when including work hours, explain most of the long run variation in leisure. We then use these estimates to predict the distribution of leisure using work hours and other c...
