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作者：Karlan, Dean; List, John A.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：We conducted a fundraising experiment with an international development nonprofit organization in which a matching grant offered by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation raisedmore funds than one froman anonymous donor. The effect is strongest for soliciteeswho previously gave to other BMGF-supported, poverty charities. With supporting evidence from two other fundraising experiments as well as a survey experiment, we argue this is consistentwith a quality signal mechanism. Alternativemechanism...
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作者：Goodman, Lucas
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Using tax data, this paper exploits a discontinuous increase in retirement contribution limits based on exact date of birth. This paper finds clear evidence that constrained individuals increase their retirement saving when so eligible, but finds no evidence suggesting that non-retirement saving falls. In the baseline specifications, one can rule out crowd-out greater than approximately 038 to 057 at the 95% confidence level depending on the measure used. This suggests that the additional cont...
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作者：Avendano, Mauricio; de Coulon, Augustin; Nafilyan, Vahe
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：In this paper, we examine whether longer compulsory schooling has a causal effect on mental health, exploiting a 1972 reform which raised the minimum school leaving age from age 15 to 16 in Great Britain. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the reform did not improve mental health. We provide evidence that extending the duration of compulsory schooling impacts mental health through channels other than increased educational attainment. We argue that these effects may mitigate ...
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作者：Lindeboom, Maarten; Montizaan, Raymond
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Monash University; Maastricht University; Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC); Tilburg University
摘要：In January 2006, the Dutch government implemented a pension reform that substantially reduced the public pension wealth of workers born in 1950 or later. At the same time, a tax-facilitated savings plan was introduced that implied a large savings subsidy for all workers, irrespective of birth year. This paper uses linked administrative and survey data to assess the effect of the reform on the savings and retirement expectations and realizations of two virtually identical male cohorts that diff...
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作者：Altig, Dave; Baker, Scott; Barrero, Jose Maria; Bloom, Nicholas; Bunn, Philip; Chen, Scarlet; Davis, Steven J.; Leather, Julia; Meyer, Brent; Mihaylov, Emil; Mizen, Paul; Parker, Nicholas; Renault, Thomas; Smietanka, Pawel; Thwaites, Gregory
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta; Northwestern University; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Stanford University; Bank of England; University of Chicago; University of Nottingham; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：We consider several economic uncertainty indicators for the US and UK before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: implied stock market volatility, newspaper-based policy uncertainty, Twitter chatter about economic uncertainty, subjective uncertainty about business growth, forecaster disagreement about future GDP growth, and a model-based measure of macro uncertainty. Four results emerge. First, all indicators show huge uncertainty jumps in reaction to the pandemic and its economic fallout. Indeed...
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作者：Fang, Hanming; Wang, Long; Yang, Yang
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; ShanghaiTech University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We quantify the causal impact of human mobility restrictions, particularly the lockdown ofWuhan on January 23, 2020, on the containment and delay of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Weemploy differencein-differences (DID) estimations to disentangle the lockdown effect on human mobility reductions from other confounding effects including panic effect, virus effect, and the Spring Festival effect. The lockdown ofWuhan reduced inflows toWuhan by 76.98%, outflows fromWuhan by 56.31...
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作者：Auray, Stephane; Eyquem, Aurelien
作者单位：Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information (ENSAI); Universite du Littoral-Cote-d'Opale; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Universite Jean Monnet; Universite Lyon 2; Institut Universitaire de France
摘要：A tractable incomplete-market model with endogenous unemployment risk, sticky prices, real wage rigidity and a fiscal side is calibrated to Euro Area countries and used to analyze the macroeconomic effects of lockdown policies. Modeling them as a shock to the extensive margin of labor adjustment - a rise in separations - produces large and persistent negative effects on output, unemployment and welfare, raises precautionary savings and lowers inflation, in line with early evidence about inflat...
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作者：Lergetporer, Philipp; Werner, Katharina; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：To study how information about educational inequality affects public concerns and policy preferences, we devise survey experiments in representative samples of the German population. Providing information about the extent of educational inequality strongly increases concerns about educational inequality. It also affects support for equity-oriented education policies (which have high baseline support), although effects are quantitatively small on average. However, instrumental-variable estimate...
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作者：Germano, Fabrizio; Sobbrio, Francesco
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Luiss Guido Carli University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Ranking algorithms are the information gatekeepers of the Internet era. We develop a stylized model to study the interplay between a ranking algorithm and individual clicking behavior. We consider a search engine that uses an algorithm based on popularity and on personalization. The analysis shows the presence of a feedback effect, whereby individuals clicking on websites indirectly provide information about their private signals to successive searchers through the popularity-ranking algorithm...
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作者：Jones, Todd R.; Kofoed, Michael S.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
摘要：There is substantial variation across occupations in outcomes. such as earnings, job satisfaction, and health, yet little is known about how occupational preferences are shaped and evolve. This paper assesses a channel that may influence occupational preferences-peer effects-by exploiting unique institutional features and a natural experiment at West Point to document the way students' (i.e., cadets') occupational preferences evolve, and to test for peer effects. After graduation, cadets must ...
