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作者：Forsythe, Eliza; Kahn, Lisa B.; Lange, Fabian; Wiczer, David
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; McGill University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University
摘要：We use job vacancy data collected in real time by Burning Glass Technologies, as well as unemployment insurance (UI) initial claims and the more traditional Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) employment data to study the impact of COVID-19 on the labor market. Our job vacancy data allow us to track the economy at disaggregated geography and by detailed occupation and industry. We find that job vacancies collapsed in the second half of March. By late April, they had fallen by over 40%. To a first...
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作者：Frakes, Michael D.; Wasserman, Melissa F.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Pointing to a limited set of statistics suggesting that examiners turn in much of their work product at the end of quota periods, the Commerce Department has recently raised concerns over examiner procrastination and its consequences for examination quality. End-loading of review completions alone, however, is not diapositive evidence of procrastination. In this paper, we confirm that examiners complete a substantial percentage of reviews at the end of both bi-weekly and quarterly quotas and t...
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作者：Kuhn, Andreas; Staubli, Stefan; Wuellrich, Jean-Philippe; Zweimuller, Josef
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Calgary; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We estimate the causal effect of a permanent and premature exit from the labor force on mortality. To overcome the problem of negative health selection into retirement, we exploit a policy change in Austria's unemployment insurance system that allows older eligible workers to exit the labor force 3 years earlier relative to comparable non-eligible workers. Using administrative data with precise information on mortality and retirement, we find that the policy change induces eligible men (women)...
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作者：Braga, Breno; Blavin, Fredric; Gangopadhyaya, Anuj
作者单位：Urban Institute; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a central component of the US. safety net, benefiting about 25 million families. Using variation in the federal and state EITC, this paper evaluates the long-term impact of EITC exposure during childhood on the health of young adults. We find that an additional $100, or a 3% increase, in the average annual EITC exposure between birth and age 18 increases the likelihood of reporting very good or excellent health by 2.6% and decreases the likelihood of bein...
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作者：Drange, Nina; Ronning, Marte
作者单位：Statistics Norway
摘要：A unique dataset on applications and admissions to child care centers allow us to explore parental preferences for child care center characteristics. We proceed to study how staff qualifications, experience and sickness absence, as well as the proportion of male and immigrant staff, explain the cognitive development of children randomly allocated to child care centers contingent on observable characteristics. Children who receive their first offer of child care enrollment from a center with a ...
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作者：Millner, Antony; Ollivier, Helene; Simon, Leo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Paris School of Economics; Monash University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：How do voters' behavioural biases affect political outcomes? We study this question in a model of Downsian electoral competition in which candidates have private information about the benefits of policies, and voters may infer candidates' information from their electoral platforms. If voters are Bayesian, candidates 'anti-pander' - they choose platforms that are more extreme than is justified by their private beliefs. However, anti-pandering is ameliorated if voters' inferences are subject to ...
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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Aminjonov, Ulugbek
作者单位：Institut Universitaire de France; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：While degraded trust and cohesion within a country are often shown to have large socio-economic impacts, they can also have dramatic consequences when compliance is required for collective survival. We illustrate this point in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Policy responses all over the world aim to reduce social interaction and limit contagion. Using data on human mobility and political trust at regional level in Europe, we examine whether the compliance to these containment policies dep...
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作者：Dingel, Jonathan, I; Neiman, Brent
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Evaluating the economic impact of social distancing measures taken to arrest the spread of COVID-19 raises a fundamental question about the modern economy: how many jobs can be performed at home? We classify the feasibility of working at home for all occupations and merge this classification with occupational employment counts. We find that 37% of jobs in the United States can be performed entirely at home, with significant variation across cities and industries. These jobs typically pay more ...
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作者：Heathcote, Jonathan; Storesletten, Kjetil; Violante, Giovanni L.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Oslo; Princeton University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies optimal taxation of earnings when the degree of tax progressivity is allowed to vary with age. The setting is an overlapping-generations model that incorporates irreversible skill investment, flexible labor supply, ex ante heterogeneity in the disutility of work and the cost of skill acquisition, partially insurable wage risk, and a life cycle productivity profile. An analytically tractable version of the model without intertemporal trade is used to characterize and quantify...
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作者：Mergele, Lukas; Weber, Michael
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper studies whether the decentralization of public employment services (PES) increases job placements among the unemployed. Decentralizing PES has been a widely applied reform used by governments aiming to enhance their efficacy. However, economic theory is ambiguous about its effects, and empirical evidence has been scarce. Using a difference-in-differences design, we exploit unique within-country variation in decentralization provided by the partial devolution of German job centers in...
