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作者：Burlingham, Charlie S.; Sendhilnathan, Naveen; Komogortsev, Oleg; Murdison, T. Scott; Proulx, Michael J.
作者单位：New York University; Texas State University System; Texas State University San Marcos
摘要：Humans coordinate their eye, head, and body movements to gather information from a dynamic environment while maximizing reward and minimizing biomechanical and energetic costs. However, such natural behavior is not possible in traditional experiments employing head/body restraints and artificial, static stimuli. Therefore, it is unclear to what extent mechanisms of fixation selection discovered in lab studies, such as inhibition -of -return (IOR), influence everyday behavior. To address this g...
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作者：Zhu, Qi; Zhao, Qingkun; Huang, Qishan; Chen, Yingbin; Suresh, Subra; Yang, Wei; Zhang, Ze; Zhou, Haofei; Gao, Huajian; Wang, Jiangwei
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Zhejiang University; Nanyang Technological University; Zhejiang University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC); Zhejiang University
摘要：Grain boundaries (GBs) serve not only as strong barriers to dislocation motion, but also as important carriers to accommodate plastic deformation in crystalline solids. During deformation, the inherent excess volume associated with loose atomic packing in GBs brings about a microscopic degree of freedom that can initiate GB plasticity, which is beyond the classic geometric description of GBs. However, identification of this atomistic process has long remained elusive due to its transient natur...
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作者：Hara, Tomoaki; Meng, Sikun; Tsuji, Yoshiko; Arao, Yasuko; Saito, Yoshiko; Sato, Hiromichi; Motooka, Daisuke; Uchida, Shizuka; Ishii, Hideshi
作者单位：University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; Aalborg University
摘要：RN7SL1 (RNA component of signal recognition particle 7SL1), a component of the signal recognition particle, is a non- coding RNA possessing a small ORF (smORF). However, whether it is translated into peptides is unknown. Here, we generated the RN7SL1-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, in which the smORF of RN7SL1 was replaced by GFP, introduced it into 293T cells, and observed cells emitting GFP fluorescence. Furthermore, RNA-seq of GFP- positive cells revealed that they were in an oncogeni...
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作者：Mao, Jialin; Griniasty, Itay; Teoh, Han Kheng; Ramesh, Rahul; Yang, Rubing; Transtrum, Mark K.; Sethna, James P.; Chaudhari, Pratik
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Cornell University; University of Pennsylvania; Brigham Young University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We develop information-geometric techniques to analyze the trajectories of the predictions of deep networks during training. By examining the underlying highdimensional probabilistic models, we reveal that the training process explores an effectively low-dimensional manifold. Networks with a wide range of architectures, sizes, trained using different optimization methods, regularization techniques, data augmentation techniques, and weight initializations lie on the same manifold in the predict...
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作者：Shin, Sucheol; Shi, Guang; Cho, Hyun Woo; Thirumalai, D.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Seoul National University of Science & Technology; Seoul National University of Science & Technology; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：The organization of interphase chromosomes in a number of species is starting to emerge thanks to advances in a variety of experimental techniques. However, much less is known about the dynamics, especially in the functional states of chromatin. Some experiments have shown that the motility of individual loci in human interphase chromosome decreases during transcription and increases upon inhibiting transcription. This is a counterintuitive finding because it is thought that the active mechani...
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作者：Armour, Kyle C.; Proistosescu, Cristian; Dong, Yue; Hahn, Lily C.; Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward; Pauling, Andrew G.; Wills, Robert C. Jnglin; Andrews, Timothy; Stuecker, Malte F.; Po-Chedley, Stephen; Mitevski, Ivan; Forster, Piers M.; Gregory, Jonathan M.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of Otago; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Columbia University; University of Leeds; University of Reading; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science
摘要：The observed rate of global warming since the 1970s has been proposed as a strongconstraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response(TCR)-key metrics of the global climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing. UsingCMIP5/6 models, we show that the inter-model relationship between warming andthese climate sensitivity metrics (the basis for the constraint) arises from a similarityin transient and equilibrium warming patterns within the models, producing aneffective c...
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作者：Jensen, Corbin C.; Peifer, Mark
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
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作者：Ramos-Figueroa, Josseline; Liang, Haoqian; van der Donk, Wilfred A.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：The continuing discovery of new peptide-aminoacyl-tRNA ligases (PEARLs) has unveiled a diverse array of enzymes with the unique potential to append amino acids to the C terminus of substrate peptides in an aminoacyl-tRNA-dependent manner. To date, PEARLs have been reported that can conjugate Cys, Ala, Trp, Gly, Leu, Asn, and Thr residues, but the basis of peptide substrate and aminoacyl-tRNA recognition is not known. Cell-free expression (CFE) has emerged as a powerful tool to rapidly assay ac...
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作者：Krushinski, Lynn E.; Dick, Jeffrey E.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Recent reports have detailed the striking observation that electroactive molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and radical water species (H2O center dot+/H2O center dot-), are spontaneously produced in aqueous microdroplets. Stochastic electrochemistry allows one to study reactions in real-time occurring inside subfemtoliter droplets, one droplet at a time, when a microdroplet irreversibly adsorbs to an ultramicroelectrode surface (radius similar to 5 mu m). Here, we use stochastic elect...
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作者：Obrien, Stephen J.
作者单位：Nova Southeastern University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：The discovery of the 32-bp deletion allele of the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 showed that homozygous carriers display near-complete resistance to HIV infection, irrespective of exposure. Algorithms of molecular evolutionary theory suggested that the CCR5-Delta 32 mutation occurred but once in the last millennium and rose by strong selective pressure relatively recently to a similar to 10% allele frequency in Europeans. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that CCR5-Delta 32 was se...
