34期

最新文章

• An additional proofreader contributes to DNA replication fidelity in mycobacteria AI翻译
  作者：Deng, Ming-Zhi; Liu, Qingyun; Cui, Shu-Jun; Wang, Yi-Xin; Zhu, Guoliang; Fu, Han; Gan, Mingyu; Xu, Yuan - Yuan; Cai, Xia; Wang, Sheng; Sha, Wei; Zhao, Guo-Ping; Fortune, Sarah M.; Lyu, Liang-Dong
  作者单位：Fudan University; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Fudan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Fudan University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
  摘要：The removal of mis- incorporated nucleotides by proofreading activity ensures DNA replication fidelity. Whereas the 8- exonuclease DnaQ is a well- established proofreader in the model organism Escherichia coli, it has been shown that proofreading in a majority of bacteria relies on the polymerase and histidinol phosphatase (PHP) domain of replicative polymerase, despite the presence of a DnaQhomolog that is structurally and functionally distinct from E. coli DnaQ. However, the biological funct...
• Addressing epistasis in the design of protein function AI翻译
  作者：Lipsh-Sokolik, Rosalie; Fleishman, Sarel J.
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Mutations in protein active sites can dramatically improve function. The active site, however, is densely packed and extremely sensitive to mutations. Therefore, some mutations may only be tolerated in combination with others in a phenomenon known as epistasis. Epistasis reduces the likelihood of obtaining improved functional variants and dramatically slows natural and lab evolutionary processes. Research has shed light on the molecular origins of epistasis and its role in shaping evolutionary...
• Genetic mechanisms for impaired synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia revealed by computational modeling AI翻译
  作者：Maki-Marttunen, Tuomo; Blackwell, Kim T.; Akkouh, Ibrahim; Shadrin, Alexey; Valstad, Mathias; Elvsashagen, Torbjorn; Linne, Marja-Leena; Djurovic, Srdjan; Einevoll, Gaute T.; Andreassen, Ole A.
  作者单位：Tampere University; University of Oslo; University of Iowa; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); University of Oslo; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; University of Oslo; University of Oslo
  摘要：Schizophrenia phenotypes are suggestive of impaired cortical plasticity in the disease, but the mechanisms of these deficits are unknown. Genomic association studies have implicated a large number of genes that regulate neuromodulation and plasticity, indicating that the plasticity deficits have a genetic origin. Here, we used biochemically detailed computational modeling of postsynaptic plasticity to investigate how schizophrenia-associated genes regulate long-term potentiation (LTP) and depr...
• Decline in carbon emission intensity of global agriculture has stagnated recently AI翻译
  作者：Bai, Zhaohai; Zhang, Nannan; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Luo, Jiafa; Chang, Jinfeng; Smith, Pete; Ledgard, Stewart; Wu, Yan; Hong, Chaopeng; Conchedda, Giulia; Ma, Lin
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS; Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic & Developmental Biology, CAS; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of Zielona Gora; AgResearch - New Zealand; Zhejiang University; University of Aberdeen; Hangzhou City University; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School; Tsinghua University; Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Nanjing University
  摘要：Using global data for around 180 countries and territories and 170 food/feed types primarily derived from FAOSTAT, we have systematically analyzed the changes in greenthe past six decades. We found that, with large spatial heterogeneity, emission intensity decreased by nearly two- thirds from 1961 to 2019, predominantly in the earlier years due to agronomic improvement in productivity. However, in the most recent decade, emission intensity has become stagnant, and in a few countries even showe...
• Elucidating the sustainability of 700 y of Inuvialuit beluga whale hunting in the Mackenzie River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada AI翻译
  作者：Skovrind, Mikkel; Louis, Marie; Ferguson, Steven H.; Glazov, Dmitry M.; Litovka, Dennis I.; Loseto, Lisa; Meschersky, Ilya G.; Miller, Mariah M.; Petr, Martin; Postma, Lianne; V. Rozhnov, Viatcheslav; Scott, Michael; V. Westbury, Michael; Szpak, Paul; Friesen, T. Max; Lorenzen, Eline D.
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Manitoba; Trent University; University of Toronto
  摘要：Beluga whales play a critical role in the subsistence economies and cultural heritage of Indigenous communities across the Arctic, yet the effects of Indigenous hunting on beluga whales remain unknown. Here, we integrate paleogenomics, genetic simulations, and stable delta 13C and delta 15N isotope analysis to investigate 700 y of beluga subsistence hunting in the Mackenzie Delta area of northwestern Canada. Genetic identification of the zooarchaeological remains, which is based on radiocarbon...
• The path to scientifically sound biodiversity valuation in the context of the Global Biodiversity Framework AI翻译
  作者：Fenichel, Eli P.; Dean, Monica F.; Schmitz, Oswald J.
  作者单位：Yale University; University of Southern California
  摘要：Successful implementation of the Kunming- Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework requires identifying a process for measuring and valuing changes in biodiversity that build on the recognition that economics and valuation must play a key role in halting and reversing biodiversity loss. Here, we discuss considerations for a practical path to valuing changes in biodiversity. Framing changes in the value of biodiversity as a summary of changes in certain natural assets enables leveraging existing ...
• Mice lacking Astn2 have ASD- like behaviors and altered cerebellar circuit properties AI翻译
  作者：Hanzel, Michalina; Fernando, Kayla; Maloney, Susan E.; Horn, Zachi; Gong, Shiaoching; Maetlik, Kaert; Zhao, Jiajia; Pasolli, H. Amalia; Heissel, Soren; Dougherty, Joseph D.; Hull, Court; Hatten, Mary E.
  作者单位：Rockefeller University; Duke University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) is a transmembrane neuronal protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that functions in receptor trafficking and modulates cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic activity. Individuals with ASTN2 mutations exhibit neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning difficulties, and language delay. To provide a genetic model for the role of the cerebellum in ASD- related behaviors and study the...
• Sound- mediated nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils AI翻译
  作者：Kozell, Anna; Solomonov, Aleksei; Gaidarov, Roman; Benyamin, Doron; Goldian, Irit Rosenhek -; Greenblatt, Harry Mark; Levy, Yaakov; Amir, Ariel; Raviv, Uri; Shimanovich, Ulyana
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Mechanical energy, specifically in the form of ultrasound, can induce pressure variations and temperature fluctuations when applied to an aqueous media. These conditions can both positively and negatively affect protein complexes, consequently altering their stability, folding patterns, and self- assembling behavior. Despite much scientific progress, our current understanding of the effects of ultrasound on the self- assembly of amyloidogenic proteins remains limited. In the present study, we ...
• A computational study of how an α- to γ- motoneurone collateral can mitigate velocity- dependent stretch reflexes during voluntary movement AI翻译
  作者：Niyo, Grace; Almofeez, Lama I.; Erwin, Andrew; Valero-Cuevas, Francisco J.
  作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
  摘要：The primary motor cortex does not uniquely or directly produce alpha motoneurone (alpha-MN) drive to muscles during voluntary movement. Rather, alpha- MN drive emerges from the synthesis and competition among excitatory and inhibitory inputs from multiple descending tracts, spinal interneurons, sensory inputs, and proprioceptive afferents. One such fundamental input is velocity- dependent stretch reflexes in lengthening muscles, which should be inhibited to enable voluntary movement. It remain...
• Pressure- enhanced sensing of tissue oxygenation via endogenous porphyrin: Implications for dynamic visualization of cancer in surgery AI翻译
  作者：Petusseau, Arthur F.; Ochoa, Marien; Reed, Matthew; Doyley, Marvin M.; Hasan, Tayyaba; Bruza, Petr; Pogue, Brian W.
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Rochester; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：Fluorescence guidance is routinely used in surgery to enhance perfusion contrast in multiple cence is a technique extensively analyzed here, that uses an FDA- approved human precursor molecule, 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA), to stimulate a unique delayed fluorescence signal that is representative of tissue hypoxia. The ALA precontrast agent is metabolized in most tissues into a red fluorescent molecule, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which has both prompt fluorescence, indicative of the concentratio...