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作者：Adebali, Ogun; Sancar, Aziz; Selby, Christopher P.
作者单位：Sabanci University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：DNA repair processes modulate genotoxicity, mutagenesis, and adaption. Nucleotide excision repair removes bulky DNA damage, and in Escherichia coli, basal excision repair, carried out by UvrA, B, C, and D, with DNA PolI and DNA ligase, occurs genome-wide. In transcription- coupled repair (TCR), the Mfd protein targets template strand (TS) lesions that block RNA polymerase for accelerated repair by the basal repair enzymes. Accelerated repair is also seen with particular adducts. Notably, of th...
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作者：Drabon, Nadja; Knoll, Andrew H.; Lowe, Donald R.; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Brenner, Alec R.; Mucciarone, David A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Stanford University
摘要：Large meteorite impacts must have strongly affected the habitability of the early Earth. Rocks of the Archean Eon record at least 16 major impact events, involving bolides larger than 10 km in diameter. These impacts probably had severe, albeit temporary, consequences for surface environments. However, their effect on early life is not well understood. Here, we analyze the sedimentology, petrography, and carbon isotope geochemistry of sedimentary rocks across the S2 impact event (37 to 58 km c...
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作者：Szalinski, Christina
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作者：Bouchebti, Sofia; Gershon, Yael; Gordin, Alexander; Huchon, Dorothee; Levin, Eran
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：Ethanol, a natural by- product of sugar fermentation, can be found in various fruits and nectar. Although many animals routinely consume ethanol in low concentrations as part of their natural diets, its inherent toxicity can cause severe damage. Even species particularly well adapted to ethanol consumption face detrimental effects when exposed to concentrations above 4%. Here, we investigated the metabolism of ethanol and its impact on survival and behavior in the Oriental hornet ( Vespa orien...
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作者：McDonough, Yasmine; Ruzicka, Filip; Connallon, Tim
作者单位：Monash University; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：The dominance of beneficial mutations is a key evolutionary parameter affecting the rate and genetic basis of adaptation, yet it is notoriously difficult to estimate. A leading method to infer it is to compare the relative rates of adaptive substitution for X- linked and autosomal genes, which-according to a classic model by Charlesworth et al. (1987)-is a simple function of the dominance of new beneficial mutations. Recent evidence that rates of adaptive substitution are faster for X- linked ...
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作者：Qin, Liyao; Yue, Huifeng; Gong, Zhihua; Guo, Yuqiong; Li, Dan; Ma, Li; Yixi, Zhuoma; He, Jing; Li, Zhihong; Li, Guangke; Yan, Wei; Sang, Nan
作者单位：Shanxi University; Shanxi Medical University; Xuzhou Medical University
摘要：Epidemiological studies show a strong correlation between air pollution and fetal growth restriction (FGR), but existing results are controversial due to inherent limitations, such as causality of specific pollutants, developmental origin, and maternal-fetal transmission. To address this controversy, we first conducted a retrospective analysis of 28,796 newborns and revealed that maternal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure during the second trimester was positively associated with FGR, with an ad...
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作者：Weiner, Ethan; Berryman, Elizabeth; Frey, Felix; Solis, Ariadna Gonzalez; Leier, Andre; Lago, Tatiana Marquez; Saric, Andela; Otegui, Marisa S.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham
摘要：Multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) sequester membrane proteins destined for degradation within intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), a process mediated by the membrane- remodeling action of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins. Arabidopsis, endosomal membrane constriction and scission are uncoupled, resulting the formation of extensive concatenated ILV networks and enhancing cargo sequestration efficiency. Here, we used a combination of electron tomography, computer simulatio...
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作者：Chong, Deborah L. W.; Scotton, Chris J.; Porter, Joanna C.
作者单位：City St Georges, University of London; University of London; University College London; University of Exeter
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作者：Hu, Man; Li, Yuqi; Chen, Li; Wu, Wenna; Huo, Peng; Gu, Xi; Wang, Feng; Deng, Daosheng
作者单位：Fudan University; Tsinghua University
摘要：Active matters, characterized by multi-mode motions, have been emerging for both engineering and biological applications. Generally, active objects rely on the symmetry- broken structures, compositions, or interfacial activities through a physical or chemical approach. Here, we report an active bubble spontaneously hovering with a horizontal oscillation at the solid/liquid interface by impacting a stationary laser beam into a liquid through a transparent solid cover. This spontaneous oscillati...
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作者：Li, Yida; Gurnis, Michael
作者单位：California Institute of Technology
摘要：Subduction zones play a pivotal role in the mechanics of plate tectonics by providing the driving force through slab pull and weak megathrusts that facilitate the relative motion between tectonic plates. The initiation of subduction zones is intricately linked to the accumulation of slab pull and development of weakness at plate boundaries and, by consequence, the largest changes in the energetics of mantle convection. However, the transient nature of subduction initiation accompanied by inten...
