-
作者：Fachi, Jose L.; de Oliveira, Sarah; Gilfillan, Susan; Antonova, Alina Ulezko; Hou, JinChao; Vinolo, Marco A. R.; Colonna, Marco
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Zhejiang University
摘要：Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of antibiotic- associated colitis. C. difficile proliferates and produces toxins that damage the colonic epithelium, leading to symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis. The host's innate response to CDI occurs in two phases: an early phase in which neutrophils reduce the bacterial load and a late phase involving repair mechanisms to restore epithelial integrity. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are c...
-
作者：Fahy, William D.; Gong, Yufeng; Wang, Shenghong; Zhang, Zhizhen; Li, Li; Peng, Hui; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Ocean University of China; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno
摘要：Humans are widely exposed to semivolatile organic contaminants in indoor environments. Many contaminants have long lifetimes following partitioning to the large surface reservoirs present indoors, which leads to long exposure times to gas- phase oxidants and multiphase chemistry. Studies have shown selective multiphase oxidation of organics on indoor surfaces, but the presence of hydroxyl radicals with nonselective reactivity and evidence of multiphase OH radical reactivity toward common indoo...
-
作者：Li, Tian; Cheburkanov, Vsevolod; Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Agarwal, Girish S.; Scully, Marlan O.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：The biomechanical properties of cells and tissues play an important role in our fundamental understanding of the structures and functions of biological systems at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Recently, Brillouin microscopy, which offers a label-free spectroscopic means of assessing viscoelastic properties in vivo, has emerged as a powerful way to interrogate those properties on a microscopic level in living tissues. However, susceptibility to photodamage and photobleaching, partic...
-
作者：Scavia, Donald; Ludsin, Stuart A.; Michalak, Anna M.; Obenour, Daniel R.; Han, Mingyu; Johnson, Laura T.; Wang, Yu - Chen; Zhao, Gang; Zhou, Yuntao
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford University; North Carolina State University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University System of Ohio; Heidelberg University USA; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
摘要：Changes driven by both unanticipated human activities and management actions are creating wicked management landscapes in freshwater and marine ecosystems that require new approaches to support decision- making. By linking a predictive model of nutrient- and temperature- driven bottom hypoxia with observed commercial fishery harvest data from Lake Erie (United States-Canada) over the past century (1928-2022) and climate projections (2030-2099), we show how simple, yet robust models and routine...
-
作者：Xu, Feihong; Morales, Felix L.; Amaral, Luis A. Nunes
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：Mining of electronic health records (EHR) promises to automate the identification of comprehensive disease phenotypes. However, the realization of this promise is hindered by the unavailability of generalizable ground-truth information, data incompleteness and heterogeneity, and the lack of generalization to multiple cohorts. We present here a data-driven approach to identify clinical states that we implement for 585 critical care patients with suspected pneumonia recruited by the SCRIPT study...
-
作者：Zhen, Xuhui; Gomez-Rivas, Emma J.; Lamont, Sabrina I.; Daneshjoo, Katayoun; Shieh, Angeli; Wozniak, Daniel J.; Parsek, Matthew R.
-
作者：Kosinski, Michal
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Eleven large language models (LLMs) were assessed using 40 bespoke false- belief tasks, considered a gold standard in testing theory of mind (ToM) in humans. Each task included a false- belief scenario, three closely matched true- belief control scenarios, and the reversed versions of all four. An LLM had to solve all eight scenarios to solve a single task. Older models solved no tasks; Generative Pre- trained Transformer (GPT)- 3- davinci-003 (from November 2022) and ChatGPT-3.5-turbo (from M...
-
作者：Larrinaga, Wyatt B.; Jung, Jonathan J.; Lin, Chi-Yun; Boal, Amie K.; Cotruvo, Joseph A., Jr.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Elucidating details of biology's selective uptake and trafficking of rare earth elements, particularly the lanthanides, has the potential to inspire sustainable biomolecular separations of these essential metals for myriad modern technologies. Here, we biochemically and structurally characterize Methylobacterium ( Methylorubrum ) extorquens LanD, a periplasmic protein from a bacterial gene cluster for lanthanide uptake. This protein provides only four ligands at its surface- exposed lanthanide...
-
作者：Schultner, David T.; Stillerman, Benjamin S.; Lindstroem, Bjoern R.; Hackel, Leor M.; Hagen, Damaris R.; Jostmann, Nils B.; Amodio, David M.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Karolinska Institutet; New York University; University of Southern California
摘要：How are societal stereotypes transmitted to individual- level group preferences? We propose that exposure to a stereotype, regardless of whether one agrees with it, can shape how one experiences and learns from interactions with members of the stereotyped group, such that it induces individual- level prejudice-a process involving the interplay of semantic knowledge and instrumental learning. In a series of experiments, participants interacted with players from two groups, described with either...
-
作者：Xi, Yuchen; Marzin, Tom; Huang, Richard B.; Jones, Trevor J.; Brun, P. -T.
作者单位：Princeton University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Active systems of self-propelled agents, e.g., birds, fish, and bacteria, can organize and across length scales, such phenomena are also amenable to artificial settings, e.g., where brainless self-propelled robots orchestrate their movements into spatialtemporal patterns via the application of external cues or when confined within flexible boundaries. Like their natural counterparts, these approaches typically require many units to initiate collective motion, so controlling the ensuing dynamic...
